(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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2008 baseline study MONITORING Report AU African Union DG Directorate General List of acronyms Ecofys, Agra CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock, “<strong>Bio</strong>fuels Baseline 2008” Report to the EU in response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009 (January 2012) A. Graham, S. Aubry, R. Künnemann and S. Monsalve Suárez, “Land Grab Study” FIAN International (2010). EAFF Eastern Africa Farmers Federation ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms EEAS European External Action Service ESCR Economic, social and cultural rights EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Ha Hectare HLPE Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition HRIA Human rights impact assessment IA Impact assessment ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights IEEP Institute for European Environmental Policy IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IIED International Institute for Environment and Development ILC International Land Coalition ILUC Indirect land use change IMF International Monetary Fund MtoE Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent NGO Non-governmental organisation OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OI Oakland Institute ON Office du Niger PCD Policy Coherence for Development 20
RAI Principles for responsible agricultural investment that respects rights, livelihoods and resources RED Renewable Energy Directive TEU Treaty on European Union TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 21
Page 1 and 2: (BIO)FUELING INJUSTICE? Europe’s
Page 3 and 4: Executive summary Adding value to t
Page 5 and 6: The EU has various strategic intere
Page 7 and 8: or animal feed is turned over to gr
Page 9 and 10: Methodology: combining authoritativ
Page 11 and 12: Detailed recommendations To the EU
Page 13 and 14: d. Support sustainable small-scale
Page 15 and 16: plans, so that biofuels mandates an
Page 17 and 18: 5.2. Linking Europe biofuel policie
Page 19: List of boxes, figures and tables T
Page 23 and 24: ange of recent sources, including f
Page 25 and 26: 2. The evolution since 2010: the ri
Page 27 and 28: 2.2. A growing opposition Faced wit
Page 29 and 30: Commonwealth Development Corporatio
Page 31 and 32: Mozambique 10% ethanol and 5% biodi
Page 33 and 34: - standards for distribution of bio
Page 35 and 36: To summarise, the EU and its Member
Page 37 and 38: 4. Case studies Three case studies
Page 39 and 40: squirrels which damaged between 60%
Page 41 and 42: not, or not adequately, consulted,
Page 43 and 44: The Markala Sugar Project will also
Page 45 and 46: Peasants’ Conference against Land
Page 47 and 48: unit is “currently providing majo
Page 49 and 50: 5. How European biofuel policies dr
Page 51 and 52: iofuels between 2003 and 2006 (6.6
Page 53 and 54: iofuels production should thus alwa
Page 55 and 56: ecological and social impacts in pr
Page 57 and 58: occur in these regions.” 232 Howe
Page 59 and 60: 5.2.4. Making land a bankable inves
Page 61 and 62: 6. The social, human rights and env
Page 63 and 64: While agrofuel related crops are gr
Page 65 and 66: should be remarked however that the
Page 67 and 68: project”. In particular, the repo
Page 69 and 70: it has nevertheless been shown abov
Page 71 and 72:
deductions to the company.” 348 G
Page 73 and 74:
mechanisms in African countries to
Page 75 and 76:
specialised in EU affairs suggests
Page 77 and 78:
climate change in June or July 2012
Page 79 and 80:
sometimes partial. 418 The findings
Page 81 and 82:
Another argument of the EU for its
Page 83 and 84:
8. The EU and EU Member States’ v
Page 85 and 86:
However, whereas the Commission spe
Page 87 and 88:
esources towards this goal. 479 Yet
Page 89 and 90:
conclude with absolute certitude wh
Page 91 and 92:
When potential negative impacts are
Page 93 and 94:
Access to remedies ETO Principle 37
Page 95 and 96:
9.2. The way forward: EU and its Me
Page 97 and 98:
Sources ActionAid and Friends of th
Page 99 and 100:
European Commission and Joint Resea
Page 101 and 102:
environmental data for the biofuels
Page 103 and 104:
Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) o
Page 105 and 106:
United Nations Special Rapporteur o
Page 107 and 108:
AFRICAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATI ON S
Page 109 and 110:
ITAL SENEGAL SARL BBE SA (BERTOLA B
Page 111 and 112:
LONHRO Agriculture (Subsidiary of L
Page 113 and 114:
Annex III. Jatropha related project
Page 115 and 116:
services delivery project of the Di
Page 117 and 118:
Source: Africa Europe Faith and Jus
Page 119 and 120:
GERMANY Flora EcoPower ETHIOPIA Oro
Page 121 and 122:
Investor country SWEDEN Sekab UNITE
Page 123 and 124:
SWEDISH SEKAB Bioenergy Tanzania Lt
Page 125 and 126:
KINGDOM BELGIUM Felisa Investor cou
Page 127 and 128:
Finally, a number of cases studies
Page 129 and 130:
political, economic and social back
Page 131 and 132:
Endnotes 1 A. Graham, S. Aubry, R.
Page 133 and 134:
31 For an overview of the intrsumen
Page 135 and 136:
68 The Commission is preparing a "E
Page 137 and 138:
100 Merian Research and CRBM, “Th
Page 139 and 140:
149 FIAN Germany, “Land Grabbing
Page 141 and 142:
193 C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer,
Page 143 and 144:
230 J. W. van Gelder with L. German
Page 145 and 146:
264 P. B. Matondi and P. Mutopo,
Page 147 and 148:
298 L. Cotula, “Land deals in Afr
Page 149 and 150:
342 Bread for All, “Concerns of B
Page 151 and 152:
375 K. Havnenik, “Grabbing of Afr
Page 153 and 154:
419 E.g. “While inheritance laws
Page 155 and 156:
456 European Commission, “Increas
Page 157 and 158:
international organisations” in J
Page 159 and 160:
521 United Nations Special Rapporte
Page 161:
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