(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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NORWAY BioFuel Africa, subsidiary of Biofuel Norway GHANA, Northern region 38 000 hectares of land owned by villagers acquired Contract firstly signed with without consultation of members of the community illiterate chief~s thumb print 2007 Loss of land Loss of incomes and resources from forest BiofuelNorway started to operate before having got all authorizations required by law in Ghana Broken promises of employment, income and compensation More than 50 villagers have been obliged to abandon Kpachaa village to seek for new jobs and livelihoods 120
Investor country SWEDEN Sekab UNITED KINGDOM Investor (SWEDEN for 200 10 6 euros) Government of Ghana and Brazil (for Target country GHANA at the northern tip of Volta Lake, about 100 kilometers south of Tamale. Sun Biofuels MOZAMBI- QUE Manica province refinery Nature of deal Status of deal Date 30 000 ha Sugar Cane Land secured for jatropa (biofuel) 40 000 ha of jatropha on agricultural land of great quality Exportation of ethanol to Sweden by the end of 2010 as handle the whole produced volume during a tenyear period, starting 2010 Expecting 150,000 Contract giving cubic metres of right of use for ethanol per year 99 years announced /signed Sekab will May 2008 Consequences for people NB: RAINS, local NGO intervened; through legal recourse, RAINS forced BioFuelAfrica to stop its operations and to start again the negotiations legally and with all stake holders concerned Sekab deprived rural population from land and water resources when faced with the food crisis Shortening and pollution of water because of sugar cane crops 2008 Farmers dispossessed of this land for more than two generations Unequal competition for water in regions where farmers are short of water and people lack clean water 121
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(BIO)FUELING INJUSTICE? Europe’s
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Executive summary Adding value to t
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The EU has various strategic intere
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or animal feed is turned over to gr
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Methodology: combining authoritativ
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Detailed recommendations To the EU
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d. Support sustainable small-scale
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plans, so that biofuels mandates an
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5.2. Linking Europe biofuel policie
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List of boxes, figures and tables T
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RAI Principles for responsible agri
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ange of recent sources, including f
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2. The evolution since 2010: the ri
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2.2. A growing opposition Faced wit
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Commonwealth Development Corporatio
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Mozambique 10% ethanol and 5% biodi
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- standards for distribution of bio
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To summarise, the EU and its Member
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4. Case studies Three case studies
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squirrels which damaged between 60%
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not, or not adequately, consulted,
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The Markala Sugar Project will also
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Peasants’ Conference against Land
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unit is “currently providing majo
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5. How European biofuel policies dr
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iofuels between 2003 and 2006 (6.6
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iofuels production should thus alwa
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ecological and social impacts in pr
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occur in these regions.” 232 Howe
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5.2.4. Making land a bankable inves
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6. The social, human rights and env
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While agrofuel related crops are gr
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should be remarked however that the
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project”. In particular, the repo
Page 69 and 70: it has nevertheless been shown abov
Page 71 and 72: deductions to the company.” 348 G
Page 73 and 74: mechanisms in African countries to
Page 75 and 76: specialised in EU affairs suggests
Page 77 and 78: climate change in June or July 2012
Page 79 and 80: sometimes partial. 418 The findings
Page 81 and 82: Another argument of the EU for its
Page 83 and 84: 8. The EU and EU Member States’ v
Page 85 and 86: However, whereas the Commission spe
Page 87 and 88: esources towards this goal. 479 Yet
Page 89 and 90: conclude with absolute certitude wh
Page 91 and 92: When potential negative impacts are
Page 93 and 94: Access to remedies ETO Principle 37
Page 95 and 96: 9.2. The way forward: EU and its Me
Page 97 and 98: Sources ActionAid and Friends of th
Page 99 and 100: European Commission and Joint Resea
Page 101 and 102: environmental data for the biofuels
Page 103 and 104: Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) o
Page 105 and 106: United Nations Special Rapporteur o
Page 107 and 108: AFRICAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATI ON S
Page 109 and 110: ITAL SENEGAL SARL BBE SA (BERTOLA B
Page 111 and 112: LONHRO Agriculture (Subsidiary of L
Page 113 and 114: Annex III. Jatropha related project
Page 115 and 116: services delivery project of the Di
Page 117 and 118: Source: Africa Europe Faith and Jus
Page 119: GERMANY Flora EcoPower ETHIOPIA Oro
Page 123 and 124: SWEDISH SEKAB Bioenergy Tanzania Lt
Page 125 and 126: KINGDOM BELGIUM Felisa Investor cou
Page 127 and 128: Finally, a number of cases studies
Page 129 and 130: political, economic and social back
Page 131 and 132: Endnotes 1 A. Graham, S. Aubry, R.
Page 133 and 134: 31 For an overview of the intrsumen
Page 135 and 136: 68 The Commission is preparing a "E
Page 137 and 138: 100 Merian Research and CRBM, “Th
Page 139 and 140: 149 FIAN Germany, “Land Grabbing
Page 141 and 142: 193 C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer,
Page 143 and 144: 230 J. W. van Gelder with L. German
Page 145 and 146: 264 P. B. Matondi and P. Mutopo,
Page 147 and 148: 298 L. Cotula, “Land deals in Afr
Page 149 and 150: 342 Bread for All, “Concerns of B
Page 151 and 152: 375 K. Havnenik, “Grabbing of Afr
Page 153 and 154: 419 E.g. “While inheritance laws
Page 155 and 156: 456 European Commission, “Increas
Page 157 and 158: international organisations” in J
Page 159 and 160: 521 United Nations Special Rapporte
Page 161: http://www.fian.org/resources/docum
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