(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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May 2011). Remark: concessions include all negotiated land, whether it is only agreed, formally leased or already used. 543 See e.g. P. Burnod, H. Papazian, A. Adamczewski, P-M. Bosc, J-P. Tonneau, and J-Y. Jamin “Régulations des investissements agricoles à grande échelle : Études de Madagascar et du Mali” 237 Afrique contemporaine (2011), p. 117. 544 Interview of the company with Stefano Valentino. See also http://www.jatrophaafrica.com/home. Thank you to Stefano Valentino for the information. 545 http://www.addax-oryx.com/uk/index.html (visited on 8 February 2012). 546 K. Deininger, D. Byerlee, J. Lindsay, A. Norton, H. Selod, M. Stickler, “Rising Global Interest in Farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?” World Bank (2011), p. 26. 547 European Parliament, Parliamentary Question E-6626/2010 by Andreas Mölzer (NI) (20 August 2010). 548 European Parliament, Parliamentary Question E-007895/2011 by Nikolaos Chountis (GUE/NGL) (6 September 2011). 549 C. Gerstter, T. Kaphengst, D. Knoblauch, K. Timeus, Ecologic Institute, Germany, “An assessment of the effects of land ownership and land grab on development – With a particular focus on small holdings and rural areas” European Parliament Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union (31 March 2011). 550 Technical Committee on “Land tenure and development” “Large-scale land appropriations: Analysis of the phenomenon and proposed guidelines for future action” (June 2010). 551 Technical Committee on “Land tenure and development”, Agence Française de Développement, French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, “Large-Scale Land Acquisition and Responsible Agricultural Investment: For an approach respecting Human Rights, Food Security and Sustainable Development” (June 2010). 552 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 008192/2011 (21 October 2011). 553 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 008192/2011 (21 October 2011). 554 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 008192/2011 (21 October 2011). 555 European Commission, “An EU policy framework to assist developing countries in addressing food security challenges” COM(2010)127 (31 March 2010), p. 4. 556 African Union Commission, Economic Commission for Africa and African Development Bank, “Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa” AUC-ECA-AfDB Consortium (2010), p. xi. 557 European Commission, “An EU policy framework to assist developing countries in addressing food security challenges” COM(2010)127 (31 March 2010), p. 9. 558 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 6626/2010 (22 June 2011). 559 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 6626/2010 (22 June 2011). 560 European Commission, “EU 2011 Report on Policy Coherence for Development” SEC(2011)1627 final (15 December 2011), p. 69. 561 And other international organisations. See generally http://www.responsibleagroinvestment.org/rai/node/232. 562 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs on behalf of the Commission to the Parliamentary Question E-007895/2011 (18 October 2011). 563 La Via Campesina, FIAN, Land Research Action Network (LRAN) and GRAIN, “Stop Land Grabbing Now” (22 April 2010), available at 160
http://www.fian.org/resources/documents/others/stop-land-grabbing-now/pdf. For more details reasons for the opposition to the Responsible Agricultural Investment, see FIAN International, Focus on the Global South, La Via Campesina, Social Network for Justice and Human Rights (REDE SOCIAL) “Why We Oppose the Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI)” (October 2010), available at www.viacampesina.org/en/images/stories/pdf/whyweopposerai.pdf 564 O. de Schutter, "Responsibly Destroying the World's Peasantry", Op-Ed by the UN Special Rapporteur published by The Project Syndicate www.project-syndicate.org (4 June 2010), available at http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/otherdocuments/260410_keynote_unctad_principles_r esponsible_investment.pdf 565 European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E- 6626/2010 (22 June 2011). 161
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(BIO)FUELING INJUSTICE? Europe’s
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Executive summary Adding value to t
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The EU has various strategic intere
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or animal feed is turned over to gr
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Methodology: combining authoritativ
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Detailed recommendations To the EU
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d. Support sustainable small-scale
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plans, so that biofuels mandates an
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5.2. Linking Europe biofuel policie
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List of boxes, figures and tables T
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RAI Principles for responsible agri
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ange of recent sources, including f
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2. The evolution since 2010: the ri
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2.2. A growing opposition Faced wit
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Commonwealth Development Corporatio
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Mozambique 10% ethanol and 5% biodi
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- standards for distribution of bio
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To summarise, the EU and its Member
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4. Case studies Three case studies
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squirrels which damaged between 60%
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not, or not adequately, consulted,
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The Markala Sugar Project will also
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Peasants’ Conference against Land
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unit is “currently providing majo
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5. How European biofuel policies dr
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iofuels between 2003 and 2006 (6.6
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iofuels production should thus alwa
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ecological and social impacts in pr
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occur in these regions.” 232 Howe
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5.2.4. Making land a bankable inves
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6. The social, human rights and env
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While agrofuel related crops are gr
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should be remarked however that the
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project”. In particular, the repo
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it has nevertheless been shown abov
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deductions to the company.” 348 G
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mechanisms in African countries to
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specialised in EU affairs suggests
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climate change in June or July 2012
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sometimes partial. 418 The findings
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Another argument of the EU for its
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8. The EU and EU Member States’ v
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However, whereas the Commission spe
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esources towards this goal. 479 Yet
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conclude with absolute certitude wh
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When potential negative impacts are
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Access to remedies ETO Principle 37
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9.2. The way forward: EU and its Me
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Sources ActionAid and Friends of th
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European Commission and Joint Resea
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environmental data for the biofuels
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Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) o
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United Nations Special Rapporteur o
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AFRICAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATI ON S
Page 109 and 110: ITAL SENEGAL SARL BBE SA (BERTOLA B
Page 111 and 112: LONHRO Agriculture (Subsidiary of L
Page 113 and 114: Annex III. Jatropha related project
Page 115 and 116: services delivery project of the Di
Page 117 and 118: Source: Africa Europe Faith and Jus
Page 119 and 120: GERMANY Flora EcoPower ETHIOPIA Oro
Page 121 and 122: Investor country SWEDEN Sekab UNITE
Page 123 and 124: SWEDISH SEKAB Bioenergy Tanzania Lt
Page 125 and 126: KINGDOM BELGIUM Felisa Investor cou
Page 127 and 128: Finally, a number of cases studies
Page 129 and 130: political, economic and social back
Page 131 and 132: Endnotes 1 A. Graham, S. Aubry, R.
Page 133 and 134: 31 For an overview of the intrsumen
Page 135 and 136: 68 The Commission is preparing a "E
Page 137 and 138: 100 Merian Research and CRBM, “Th
Page 139 and 140: 149 FIAN Germany, “Land Grabbing
Page 141 and 142: 193 C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer,
Page 143 and 144: 230 J. W. van Gelder with L. German
Page 145 and 146: 264 P. B. Matondi and P. Mutopo,
Page 147 and 148: 298 L. Cotula, “Land deals in Afr
Page 149 and 150: 342 Bread for All, “Concerns of B
Page 151 and 152: 375 K. Havnenik, “Grabbing of Afr
Page 153 and 154: 419 E.g. “While inheritance laws
Page 155 and 156: 456 European Commission, “Increas
Page 157 and 158: international organisations” in J
Page 159: 521 United Nations Special Rapporte
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