(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

171
International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport” (2011), p. 25–
26.
172
See generally T. Rice, “Meals per gallon: The impact of industrial biofuels on people and
global hunger” ActionAid (January 2010), p. 32 – 33 for a broader overview of the studies.
173
UK renewable Fuels Agency, “The Gallagher Review of the indirect effects of biofuels
production” (July 2008), p. 30. The World Bank projects that land use for crops for biofuel
production to increase by about 75 million hectares if government targets are to be met by
2020.
174
UK renewable Fuels Agency, “The Gallagher Review of the indirect effects of biofuels
production” (July 2008), p. 30.
175
G. Fischer, E. Hizsnyik, S. Prieler, M. Shah and H. van Velthuizen, “Biofuels and food
security” OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) prepared the International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (2009), p. 66.
176
International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport” (2011), p. 27.
177
G. Fischer, E. Hizsnyik, S. Prieler, M. Shah and H.van Velthuizen, “Biofuels and food
security” OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) prepared the International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (2009), p. 159-161.
178
FAO statistics, quoted in International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for
Transport” (2011), p. 25.
179
Rocio A Diaz-Chavez, “Mapping food and bioenergy in Africa” Report for FARA (May 2010),
p. 17-22.
180
K. Deininger, D. Byerlee, J. Lindsay, A. Norton, H. Selod, M. Stickler, “Rising Global Interest
in Farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?” World Bank (2011), p. 93.
181
S. Bringezu and R. Bleischwitz, “Preventing a resource curse fuelled by the green economy”
in Transparency International, Global Corruption Report: Climate Change, (London –
Washington DC: Earthscan, 2011), p. 198.
182
K. Deininger, D. Byerlee, J. Lindsay, A. Norton, H. Selod, M. Stickler, “Rising Global Interest
in Farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?” World Bank (2011), p. 85-86.
183
International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport” (2011), p. 29.
184
IEA/OECD, “Medium term oil and gas markets 2010” IEA (2010), p. 92.
185
S. Bringezu, H. Schütz, M. O´Brien, L. Kauppi, R. W. Howarth, J. McNeely, “Towards
sustainable production nd use of resources: Assessing Biofuels” United Nations Environment
Programme (October 2009), p. 65.
186
RED, operative para. 74.
187
Based on graph in Ecofys, Agra CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock, “Biofuels
Baseline 2008” Report to the EU in response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009 (January
2012), p. 146.
188
Ecofys, Agra CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock, “Biofuels Baseline 2008”
Report to the EU in response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009 (January 2012), p. 92.
189
C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer, “Anticipated Indirect Land Use Change Associated with
Expanded Use of Biofuels and Bioliquids in the EU – An Analysis of the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans” IIEP (March 2011).
190
UK renewable Fuels Agency, “The Gallagher Review of the indirect effects of biofuels
production” (July 2008), p. 32.
191
E.g. UK renewable Fuels Agency, “The Gallagher Review of the indirect effects of biofuels
production” (July 2008), p. 32.
192
D. Laborde, “Assessing the Land Use Change Consequences of European Biofuel Policies:
Final Report” International Food Policy Institute (October 2011).
140