(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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UNITED KINGDOM D1 Oils ZAMBIA 45,000 Ha in Chongwe district. 15,000 Ha, in Northern 600 hectares in North Western and Eastern Provinces P r o v i n c e J a t r o p h a f o r <strong>Bio</strong>diesel. Contracts are signed with farmers, as well as working through NGOs in the Southern region of the country 2007 Out grower schemes in Zambia "have a history of keeping farmers at a disadvantage : perpetuated poverty and in some cases even increased the poverty situation » (Catholic Centre for Justice, Development and Peace, 2006) 126
Finally, a number of cases studies and media report also confirm that there is a growing trend of production of biofuels in Africa for the EU market. 543 Some companies such as Jatropha Africa are specifically focusing on growing biofuel feedstock in Africa, and have stated that they already import to the EU. 544 The biofuel production of Addax <strong>Bio</strong>energy in Sierra Leone will, according to the company itself, be partly for export to European markets (see also Box 4). 545 The World Bank noted in 2011 that “recently, a surge in demand for sugar and biofuels sparked great interest in sugarcane, either to supply protected and subsidized European markets, as in Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, or to benefit from domestic subsidies, as in Sudan.” 546 127
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(BIO)FUELING INJUSTICE? Europe’s
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Executive summary Adding value to t
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The EU has various strategic intere
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or animal feed is turned over to gr
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Methodology: combining authoritativ
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Detailed recommendations To the EU
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d. Support sustainable small-scale
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plans, so that biofuels mandates an
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5.2. Linking Europe biofuel policie
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List of boxes, figures and tables T
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RAI Principles for responsible agri
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ange of recent sources, including f
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2. The evolution since 2010: the ri
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2.2. A growing opposition Faced wit
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Commonwealth Development Corporatio
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Mozambique 10% ethanol and 5% biodi
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- standards for distribution of bio
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To summarise, the EU and its Member
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4. Case studies Three case studies
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squirrels which damaged between 60%
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not, or not adequately, consulted,
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The Markala Sugar Project will also
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Peasants’ Conference against Land
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unit is “currently providing majo
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5. How European biofuel policies dr
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iofuels between 2003 and 2006 (6.6
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iofuels production should thus alwa
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ecological and social impacts in pr
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occur in these regions.” 232 Howe
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5.2.4. Making land a bankable inves
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6. The social, human rights and env
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While agrofuel related crops are gr
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should be remarked however that the
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project”. In particular, the repo
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it has nevertheless been shown abov
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deductions to the company.” 348 G
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mechanisms in African countries to
Page 75 and 76: specialised in EU affairs suggests
Page 77 and 78: climate change in June or July 2012
Page 79 and 80: sometimes partial. 418 The findings
Page 81 and 82: Another argument of the EU for its
Page 83 and 84: 8. The EU and EU Member States’ v
Page 85 and 86: However, whereas the Commission spe
Page 87 and 88: esources towards this goal. 479 Yet
Page 89 and 90: conclude with absolute certitude wh
Page 91 and 92: When potential negative impacts are
Page 93 and 94: Access to remedies ETO Principle 37
Page 95 and 96: 9.2. The way forward: EU and its Me
Page 97 and 98: Sources ActionAid and Friends of th
Page 99 and 100: European Commission and Joint Resea
Page 101 and 102: environmental data for the biofuels
Page 103 and 104: Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) o
Page 105 and 106: United Nations Special Rapporteur o
Page 107 and 108: AFRICAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATI ON S
Page 109 and 110: ITAL SENEGAL SARL BBE SA (BERTOLA B
Page 111 and 112: LONHRO Agriculture (Subsidiary of L
Page 113 and 114: Annex III. Jatropha related project
Page 115 and 116: services delivery project of the Di
Page 117 and 118: Source: Africa Europe Faith and Jus
Page 119 and 120: GERMANY Flora EcoPower ETHIOPIA Oro
Page 121 and 122: Investor country SWEDEN Sekab UNITE
Page 123 and 124: SWEDISH SEKAB Bioenergy Tanzania Lt
Page 125: KINGDOM BELGIUM Felisa Investor cou
Page 129 and 130: political, economic and social back
Page 131 and 132: Endnotes 1 A. Graham, S. Aubry, R.
Page 133 and 134: 31 For an overview of the intrsumen
Page 135 and 136: 68 The Commission is preparing a "E
Page 137 and 138: 100 Merian Research and CRBM, “Th
Page 139 and 140: 149 FIAN Germany, “Land Grabbing
Page 141 and 142: 193 C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer,
Page 143 and 144: 230 J. W. van Gelder with L. German
Page 145 and 146: 264 P. B. Matondi and P. Mutopo,
Page 147 and 148: 298 L. Cotula, “Land deals in Afr
Page 149 and 150: 342 Bread for All, “Concerns of B
Page 151 and 152: 375 K. Havnenik, “Grabbing of Afr
Page 153 and 154: 419 E.g. “While inheritance laws
Page 155 and 156: 456 European Commission, “Increas
Page 157 and 158: international organisations” in J
Page 159 and 160: 521 United Nations Special Rapporte
Page 161: http://www.fian.org/resources/docum
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