(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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The Commission is preparing a "European Strategy and Action Plan towards a sustainable
bio based economy by 2020“: http://ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomy/policy/index_en.htm
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The summary of the response to the consultation organised by the European Commission on
a for example shows the importance of biofuels for this policy:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/bioeconomy/consultation_en.htm. See also Keijen
van Eijk and Louise van Schaik, “Towards a comprehensive and innovative EU policy for
biofuels” Cligendael Seminar Overview Paper for the Seminar on EU Biofuels Policy and its
Contribution to a Bio-based economy (2010), p. 4-5.
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RED, Article 3
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RED, Article 4. These action plans can be consulted at
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/action_plan_en.htm
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For more details and examples of states‘ policies, see Anna Jung, Philipp Dörrenberg, Anna
Rauch, and Michael Thöne, “Biofuels – at what cost? Government support for ethanol and
biodiesel in the European Union – 2010 Update” Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (July 2010), p. 53-55 and 60-61;
International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI), “Global Trade and Environmental Impact Study of
the EU Biofuels Mandate” Study for the Directorate General for Trade of the European
Commission (March 2010), p. 110-119.
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Ecofys, Fraunhofer ISI, TU Vienna EEG, Ernst & Young Financing, “Financing Renewable
Energy in the
European Energy Market“ Report for the European Commission, DG Energy (2 January 2011),
p. 34.
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European Commission, “Report on the progress made in the use of biofuels and other
renewable fuels in the Member States of the European Union Review of economic and
environmental data for the biofuels progress Report COM(2006) 845 final” SEC/2006/1721 final
(10 January 2007).
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Anna Jung, Philipp Dörrenberg, Anna Rauch, and Michael Thöne, “Biofuels – at what cost?
Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in the European Union – 2010 Update” Global
Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (July
2010), p. 32; International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI), “Global Trade and Environmental
Impact Study of the EU Biofuels Mandate” Study for the Directorate General for Trade of the
European Commission (March 2010), p. 109; Keijen van Eijk and Louise van Schaik, “Towards
a comprehensive and innovative EU policy for biofuels” Cligendael Seminar Overview Paper for
the Seminar on EU Biofuels Policy and its Contribution to a Bio-based economy (2010), p. 6.
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G. Fischer, E. Hizsnyik, S. Prieler, M. Shah and H.van Velthuizen, “Biofuels and food
security” OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) prepared the International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (2009), p. 36.
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European Commission, “Recent progress in developing renewable energy sources and
technical evaluation of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels in transport in accordance
with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC and Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/30/EC” SEC(2011) 130
final (31 January 2011), p. 21.
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European Commission, “Biofuels Progress Report: Report on the progress made in the use
of biofuels and other renewable fuels in the Member States of the European Union” COM(2006)
845 final (10 January 2007), p. 10.
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http://ec.europa.eu/trade/wider-agenda/development/generalised-system-ofpreferences/everything-but-arms/,
(visited on 28 January 2012).
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D. Mitchell, Biofuels in Africa: Opportunities, Prospects, and Challenges (The World Bank,
2011), p. 84. See generally p. 100-101.
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