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(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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53<br />

FAO, IFAD, IMF,OECD, UNCTAD, WFP, the World Bank, the WTO, IFPRI and the UN HLTF,<br />

“Price Volatility in Food and Agricultural Markets: Policy Responses” (June 2011), p. 26.<br />

54<br />

HLPE, “Price volatility and food security” High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and<br />

Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (Rome, July 2011), p. 32.<br />

55<br />

FAO, IFAD, IMF,OECD, UNCTAD, WFP, the World Bank, the WTO, IFPRI and the UN HLTF,<br />

“Price Volatility in Food and Agricultural Markets: Policy Responses” (June 2011), p. 26.<br />

56<br />

International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap: <strong>Bio</strong>fuels for Transport” (2011), p. 10.<br />

57<br />

Govinda R. Timilsina and Ashish Shrestha, “<strong>Bio</strong>fuels: Markets, Targets and Impacts” World<br />

Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series 5364 (July 2010), p. 11-13; HLPE, “Price volatility<br />

and food security” High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee<br />

on World Food Security (Rome, July 2011), p. 32; International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI),<br />

“Global Trade and Environmental Impact Study of the EU <strong>Bio</strong>fuels Mandate” Study for the<br />

Directorate General for Trade of the European Commission (March 2010), p. 107-110.<br />

58<br />

G. R. Timilsina and A. Shrestha, “<strong>Bio</strong>fuels: Markets, Targets and Impacts” World Bank Policy<br />

Research Working Papers WPS5364 (July 2010), p. 38.<br />

59<br />

Sources: Tim Rice, “Meals per gallon: The impact of industrial biofuels on people and global<br />

hunger” ActionAid (January 2010), p. 32; Govinda R. Timilsina and Ashish Shrestha, “<strong>Bio</strong>fuels:<br />

Markets, Targets and Impacts” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series 5364 (July<br />

2010), p. 12; and International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI), “Global Trade and Environmental<br />

Impact Study of the EU <strong>Bio</strong>fuels Mandate” Study for the Directorate General for Trade of the<br />

European Commission (March 2010), p. 114; International Energy Agency, “Technology<br />

Roadmap: <strong>Bio</strong>fuels for Transport” (2011), p. 10-11.<br />

60<br />

J. Franco, L. Levidow, D. Fig, L. Goldfarb, M. Hönicke & M. L. Mendonça, “Assumptions in<br />

the European Union biofuels policy: frictions with experiences in Germany, Brazil and<br />

Mozambique“ 37(4) Journal of Peasant Studies 661 (2010), p. 662-663.<br />

61<br />

J. Franco, L. Levidow, D. Fig, L. Goldfarb, M. Hönicke & M. L. Mendonça, “Assumptions in<br />

the European Union biofuels policy: frictions with experiences in Germany, Brazil and<br />

Mozambique“ 37(4) Journal of Peasant Studies 661 (2010), p. 669 – 671.<br />

62<br />

Keijen van Eijk and Louise van Schaik, “Towards a comprehensive and innovative EU policy<br />

for biofuels” Cligendael Seminar Overview Paper for the Seminar on EU <strong>Bio</strong>fuels Policy and its<br />

Contribution to a <strong>Bio</strong>-based economy (2010), p. 2.<br />

63<br />

European Commission, “Recent progress in developing renewable energy sources and<br />

technical evaluation of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels in transport in accordance<br />

with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC and Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/30/EC” SEC(2011) 130<br />

final (31 January 2011), p. 9.<br />

64<br />

European Parliament and Council Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of<br />

energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives<br />

2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC.<br />

65<br />

European Commission, “Renewable Energy: Progressing towards the 2020 target”<br />

COM(2011), p. 6.<br />

66<br />

Anna Jung, Philipp Dörrenberg, Anna Rauch, and Michael Thöne, “<strong>Bio</strong>fuels – at what cost?<br />

Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in the European Union – 2010 Update” Global<br />

Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (July<br />

2010), p. 50; International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI), “Global Trade and Environmental<br />

Impact Study of the EU <strong>Bio</strong>fuels Mandate” Study for the Directorate General for Trade of the<br />

European Commission (March 2010), p. 117.<br />

67<br />

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/lead-market-initiative/biobased-<br />

products/index_en.htm.<br />

134

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