(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

193
C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer, “Anticipated Indirect Land Use Change Associated with
Expanded Use of Biofuels and Bioliquids in the EU – An Analysis of the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans” IIEP (March 2011).
194
G. R. Timilsina and A. Shrestha, “Biofuels: Markets, Targets and Impacts” World Bank
Policy Research Working Papers WPS5364 (July 2010), p. 38.
195
European Commission, “Recent progress in developing renewable energy sources and
technical evaluation of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels in transport in accordance
with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC and Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/30/EC” SEC(2011) 130
final (31 January 2011), p. 7.
196
Ecofys, Agra CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock, “Biofuels Baseline 2008”
Report to the EU in response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009 (January 2012), p. 38-39. See
also Cour des comptes, “La politique d’aide aux biocarburants” Rapport public thématique
(January 2012), paras 65-68.
197
OECD, FAO, “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011-2020” (2011), p. 82.
198
Calculation based on data in Ecofys, Agra CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock,
“Biofuels Baseline 2008” Report to the EU in response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009
(January 2012), p. 42-43.
199
E.g. P. Lamers, “International biodiesel markets: Developments in production and trade”
UFOP and Ecofys (2011).
200
D. Mitchell, Biofuels in Africa: Opportunities, Prospects, and Challenges (The World Bank,
2011), p. 100.
201
F. Grandesso, “Fuels of the Future” NewsEurope http://www.neurope.eu/article/fuels-future
(27 January 2012); REN21 Secretariat, “Renewables 2011 Global Status Report” REN21
(2011), p. 13 affirms: “The EU remained the center of biodiesel production, but due to
increased competition with relatively cheap imports, growth in the region continued to slow”.
202
P. Lamers, “International biodiesel markets: Developments in production and trade” UFOP
and Ecofys (2011), p. 20-21.
203
C. Bowyer and B. Kretschmer, “Anticipated Indirect Land Use Change Associated with
Expanded Use of Biofuels and Bioliquids in the EU – An Analysis of the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans” IIEP (March 2011), p. 8-9.
204
European Commission Directorate-General for Research, “Biofuels in the European Union:
A Vision for 2030 and Beyond” Final report of the Biofuels Research Advisory Council EUR
22066 (2006), p. 18.
205
D. Laborde, “Assessing the Land Use Change Consequences of European Biofuel Policies:
Final Report” International Food Policy Institute (October 2011), p. 45-46.
206
B. Flach, S. Lieberz, K. Bendz and B. Dahlbacka, “EU-27 Annual Biofuels Report” USDA
Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report Number NL1013 (24 June 2011).
207
J. Franco, L. Levidow, D. Fig, L. Goldfarb, M. Hönicke & M. L. Mendonça, “Assumptions in
the European Union biofuels policy: frictions with experiences in Germany, Brazil and
Mozambique“ 37(4) Journal of Peasant Studies 661 (2010), p. 678-679.
208
Reuters, “Germany advised not to import food for biofuel” (20 January 2012),
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/20/biofuels-germany-idUSL6E8CK26Q20120120.
209
B. Flach, S. Lieberz, K. Bendz and B. Dahlbacka, “EU-27 Annual Biofuels Report” USDA
Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report Number NL1013 (24 June 2011), p. 18; Ecofys, Agra
CEAS, Chalmers University, IIASA and Winrock, “Biofuels Baseline 2008” Report to the EU in
response to Tender No. TREN/D1/458/2009 (January 2012), p. 40.
210
Keijen van Eijk and Louise van Schaik, “Towards a comprehensive and innovative EU policy
for biofuels” Cligendael Seminar Overview Paper for the Seminar on EU Biofuels Policy and its
Contribution to a Bio-based economy (2010), p. 6.
141