(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

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E.g. “While inheritance laws have traditionally favoured men, there are many laws in place
that are more equitable for women but cultural barriers continue to dominate and access
remains limited which also means access to credit and inputs is not sufficient to produce for
export standards or volume. This is an opportunity that taken could encourage women in the
production and marketing of biofuels for export and increasing employment and incomes along
the value chain. While Liberia is not one of the selected countries, transformation of palm oil
through simple technologies such as the Freedom Mill used to extract locally processed palm
oil and transitioning to mechanization for the small holder”, p. 529.
420
P. 523.
421
P. 521.
422
Annex M6.
423
European Commission, “Recent progress in developing renewable energy sources and
technical evaluation of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels in transport in accordance
with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC and Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/30/EC” SEC(2011) 130
final (31 January 2011), p. 28.
424
E-Energy Market, “Call for an effective implementation of the Indirect Land Use Change
(ILUC) issue in the EU biofuels policy” (21 December 2011), http://www.eenergymarket.com/news/single-news/article/call-for-an-effective-implementation-of-the-indirectland-use-change-iluc-issue-in-the-eu-biofuels.html;
F. Grandesso, “Fuels of the Future”
NewsEurope http://www.neurope.eu/article/fuels-future (27 January 2012).
425
Generally ,see J. Franco, L. Levidow, D. Fig, L. Goldfarb, M. Hönicke & M. L. Mendonça,
“Assumptions in the European Union biofuels policy: frictions with experiences in Germany,
Brazil and Mozambique” 37(4) Journal of Peasant Studies 661 (2010)
426
European Commission, “Accompanying document to the communication from the
Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: An EU policy framework to assist
developing countries in addressing food security challenges COM(2010) 127 final” SEC(2010)
379 final, p. 10.
427
European Commission, Answer given by Mr Oettinger to the Parliamentary question E-
0474/2010 (30 April 2010).
428
European Commission, “An EU policy framework to assist developing countries in
addressing food security challenges” COM(2010)127 (31 March 2010).
429
T. Rice, “Meals per gallon: The impact of industrial biofuels on people and global hunger”
ActionAid (January 2010), p. 31.
430
See e.g. United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler, “The impact
of biofuels on the right to food. Protection gaps for people fleeing from hunger” A/62/289 (22
August 2007), para. 39.
431
K. Deininger, D. Byerlee, J. Lindsay, A. Norton, H. Selod, M. Stickler, “Rising Global Interest
in Farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?” World Bank (2011), p. 68.
432
Keijen van Eijk and Louise van Schaik, “Towards a comprehensive and innovative EU policy
for biofuels” Cligendael Seminar Overview Paper for the Seminar on EU Biofuels Policy and its
Contribution to a Bio-based economy (2010), p. 6-7.
433
http://biofuelschat.com/topics/cries-eu-biofuel-discrimination-grows-louder;
434
European Commission, “An EU Strategy for Biofuels” COM(2006) 34 final (8 February
2006), p. 15.
435
European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question E-
009398/2011 (30 November 2011).
436
European Commission, Answer given by Mr Oettinger to the Parliamentary question E-
7133/2010 (22 October 2010).
153