(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

398
European Parliament, “International trade policy in the context of climate change
imperatives” European Parliament resolution 2010/2103(INI) (25 November 2010), paras. 37-
38.
399
U. R. Fritsche, K. Wiegmann, Oeko-Institut, Darmstadt “Indirect Land Use Change and
Biofuels” European Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
(February 2011).
400
European Parliament, “Assisting developing countries in addressing food security
challenges” European Parliament resolution of 27 September 2011 (2010/2100(INI)), op. para.
D and paras. 39 and 58.
401
European Commission, “EU 2011 Report on Policy Coherence for Development”
SEC(2011)1627 final (15 December 2011), p. 54.
402
European Commission, “Communication from the Commission on voluntary schemes and
default values in the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability schemes” COM(2010) 160/01 (19
June 2010), p. 1.
403
J. Franco, L. Levidow, D. Fig, L. Goldfarb, M. Hönicke & M. L. Mendonça, “Assumptions in
the European Union biofuels policy: frictions with experiences in Germany, Brazil and
Mozambique” 37(4) Journal of Peasant Studies 661 (2010), p. 668.
404
European Commission, “EU 2011 Report on Policy Coherence for Development”
SEC(2011)1627 final (15 December 2011), p. 54.
405
L. German and G. Schoneveld, “Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for
biofuels: Implications for rural livelihoods” CIFOR Working Paper 75 (2011), p. 4.
406
Up to date information can be found on
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/biofuels/sustainability_schemes_en.htm
407
L. German and G. Schoneveld, “Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for
biofuels: Implications for rural livelihoods” CIFOR Working Paper 75 (2011).
408
L. German and G. Schoneveld, “Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for
biofuels: Implications for rural livelihoods” CIFOR Working Paper 75 (2011), p. 20.
409
Ibid.
410
European Commission, “Communication from the Commission on voluntary schemes and
default values in the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability schemes” COM(2010) 160/01 (19
June 2010), p. 2.
411
European Commission, “Communication from the Commission on voluntary schemes and
default values in the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability schemes” COM(2010) 160/01 (19
June 2010), footnote 8.
412
European Parliament and Council Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives
2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, article 17(7).
413
RED, Article 17(7).
414
See e.g. European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the Parliamentary question
E-008192/2011 (21 October 2011); European Commission, Answer given by Mr Piebalgs to the
Parliamentary question E-006815/2011 (24 August 2011); European Commission, Answer
given by Mr Oettinger to the Parliamentary question E-001125/2011 (23 March 2011).
415
European Commission, Answer given by Mr Oettinger to the Parliamentary question E-
7442/2010 (27 October 2010).
416
European Commission, “EU 2011 Report on Policy Coherence for Development”
SEC(2011)1627 final (15 December 2011), p. 54.
417
Such as Ukraine, in section 3.3.
418
E.g. on Malawi “No information was found on land rights, gender impacts or small farmer’s
biofuels use of biofuels/feedstock”, p. 529, or lack of information about employment, p. 130.
152