(Bio)Fueling Injustice? - Europafrica

Table of Contents
Executive summary ............................................................................................................ 2
Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 10
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 16
List of boxes, figures and tables ...................................................................................... 19
List of acronyms ............................................................................................................... 20
1. Introduction: adding value to the reflection on land grabbing and biofuels ............. 22
1.1. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 22
1.2. Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 23
1.2.1. Land grabbing ........................................................................................................... 23
1.2.2. Biofuels and agrofuels............................................................................................... 24
2. The evolution since 2010: the rising phenomenon of land grabbing and its
negative impact ................................................................................................................. 25
2.1. New evidence confirms the scale of the phenomenon .............................................. 25
2.2. A growing opposition .................................................................................................... 27
2.3. The role of European policies ....................................................................................... 28
3. The EU and EU Member States’ biofuel policies ......................................................... 30
3.1. Biofuels: what and why? ............................................................................................... 30
3.2. EU and EU Member States’ policies involved in promoting agrofuels .................... 31
3.3. Other actors involved in promoting agrofuels in the EU or for the EU .................... 35
4. Case studies .................................................................................................................. 37
4.1. A project: SBE in Senegal ............................................................................................. 37
4.2. A region: the Office du Niger in Mali ............................................................................ 39
4.2.1. Background ............................................................................................................... 40
4.2.2. The Markala Sugar Project: Description ................................................................... 41
4.2.3. The project’s impacts ................................................................................................ 42
4.2.4. Lacking consultation of the local population and increased mobilization ................. 44
4.3. A country: Kenya ........................................................................................................... 45
4.3.1. Background on Kenya’s biofuel strategy ................................................................... 45
4.3.2. The situation in the Tana Delta ................................................................................. 46
4.3.3. Impacts of agrofuel production in Kenya ................................................................... 47
5. How European biofuel policies drive land grabbing and encourage large scale
farming in Africa ............................................................................................................... 49
5.1. How biofuels drive large-scale land deals and land grabbing globally ................... 49
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