READIT-2007 - Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

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(IR) and providing their own digital contents through Web. The number of digital libraries with web presence is increasing day by day. Accessing the library services over Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and World Wide Web (WWW) become popular in Indian universities. Most of the multi-campus universities provide their library services through their Intranet connectivity. All Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) have already formed an electronic journal consortium in the name of INDEST and it is functioning well. A remarkable achievement in this sector is the UGC-INFONET, an electronic journal consortium of University Grants Commission of India, which provides access to thousands of electronic journals to more than one hundred universities in India. The CSIR is having its own journal consortium and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research which is the apex body for the 40 State Agricultural Universities (SAU) functioning in India is in the process of establishing Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture (CeRA) to provide access to the electronic journals published in the area of Agricultural Sciences which will benefit all Agricultural Universities and ICAR institutes functioning in India. It is clear that the academic libraries in India are going more digital and the library services are being offered in networked digital environment. The above remarkable achievements made by Indian libraries in using computers, digital networks and information technology is really a matter of pride to LIS professionals and others involved in this regard but the associated problem that is causing serious concern is the rapid raise in cyber crimes. With increased use of computers and Internet in homes and offices, there has been a proliferation of cyber crimes in India. Since the LIS professionals are now using huge computerized databases, e-mails, Internet, web-based networks, web-based OPACs, web-based LIS services, resource sharing through digital networks, etc. it is need of the hour to familiarize with the cyber crimes and information frauds that are taking place in India. In a situation where around 1000 Indian web sites were attacked in the first half of 2006 itself, it is high time that the LIS professionals should equip themselves to combat cyber crimes. In this context, this paper attempts to brief the cyber crimes, its relevance to LIS professionals and suggests some precautious measures to combat cyber crimes. 2. CYBER CRIMES The invention of the computers has opened new avenues not only for the LIS professionals but for the fraudsters as well. It is an evil having its origin in the growing dependence on computers in modern life. There is a great talk about the cyber crimes nowadays. The crimes such as frauds, forgery are traditional and the abuse of computer and the related electronic media has given birth to a gamut of new types of crimes generally known as ‘Cyber Crimes’ which has some peculiar features. Cyber crimes which are also known as ‘Computer crimes’ ‘Internet crimes’ can be defined as ‘any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrument, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes or offences or contraventions under any law’. The Cambridge dictionary defines Cyber Crimes as “Crimes committed with the use of computers or relating to computers, especially through the Internet”. These offences involve not only the use of computers but the Internet, cyberspace and the tools and techniques of World Wide Web as well. A simple definition of these crimes would be 132
“unlawful acts wherein the equipment transforming the information be it a computer or a mobile is either a tool or a target or both”. Joseph-Marie Jacquard, who devised a loom which was capable of doing repetition of a series of steps in weaving of special fabrics, was discouraged by his own employees by acts of sabotage as they were feared that their traditional employment and livelihood were threatened by his device. This incident is treated as the ever first cyber crime in the history which had taken place in 1820. 3. TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES Cyber crimes can be categorized in to four broad categories viz., (i) data-related crimes; (ii) network-related crimes; (iii) crimes of access; and (iv) computer-related crimes; 3.1 Data-related crimes Data-related crimes include interception, modification, and theft. 3.2 Network-related crimes Network-related crimes include interference and sabotage. 3.3 Crimes of access Crimes of access include hacking and virus distribution; 3.4 Computer-related crimes Computer-related crimes include aiding and abetting cyber criminals, computer fraud, and computer forgery. Duggal classified Cyber crimes into three major categories viz., (i) Cyber crimes against persons; (ii) Cyber crimes against persons; and (iii) Cyber crimes against property). 3.5 Cyber crimes against persons Include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail 3.6 Cyber crimes against property These crimes include computer vandalism (destruction of others' property), transmission of harmful programmes. 3.6 Cyber crimes against Government Cyber-terrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category. 4. MAJOR CYBER CRIMES IN INDIA Cyber crimes have gained momentum in India only in the recent past. According to the Union Home Ministry of India, cyber crimes in India have sharply increased. There are no concrete statistics but, according to Duggal, an advocate of Supreme Court of India and an Cyber Law Expert, Indian corporate and government sites have been attacked or defaced more than 780 times between February 2000 and December 2002. 133
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Conference on Recent Advances in In
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CONTENTS INVITED TALKS “Bodhi”
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Dr. Sanjay K Kaushik and Vijendra S
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Tacit Knowledge Contextual Mental P
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documents can become knowledge repo
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objects to form a conceptual networ
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Global highly competitive fast ch
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knowledge would always be packaged
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If our human filters are all too mu
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6. Booch, G. (1993). Object-Oriente
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development (Balyan, R.K. 2007). Th
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4. NEW FOUND ROLES / RESPONSIBILITI
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human resource development in the k
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Those librarians who have the neede
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of information using formal and inf
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high quality information and by net
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and underpin information management
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everywhere on the Internet, existin
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11. RESOURCES SHARING AND NETWORKIN
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influence the organization’s know
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN DIGITAL INF
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Thirdly Knowledge Management promot
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6. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: COMMON AND
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7. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION IN
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Knowledge and Information Managemen
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to a broad collection of organizati
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Information technology is a tool fo
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In the library world, there is a le
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more science in public domain. Seve
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Web-of Science which covers Science
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Creation of digital contents and in
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University Libraries - Metamorphosi
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• Management skills - motivating,
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KM will play an essential role, and
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4. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INF
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Safety Knowledge Management System
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Multimedia Data Mining in Digital L
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The Multimedia Data Mining (MDM) is
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performed at the global or local le
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REFERENCES 1. Sinha, Manojkumar and
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- Information explosion - Prolifera
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also go together for adding visual
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6.2 Format This refers to the abili
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Using Knowledge mapping to support
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- Be aware of organizational level
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application of knowledge providing
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By implementing these strategies, t
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detectors are suitable for detectin
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iii) Response Indicator II. Confirm
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5. CONCLUSION Present day libraries
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The objective of the archives is: 1
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Page 111 and 112: DIGITAL PRESERVATION ISSUES AND FAL
Page 113 and 114: epresentation, provenance, fixity a
Page 115 and 116: ) Technical c) Resource challenges.
Page 117 and 118: There are many cost factors to cons
Page 119 and 120: This knowledge would vanish from th
Page 121 and 122: The key issues were: - Development
Page 123 and 124: as there would be changes in compet
Page 125 and 126: Digital Preservation and Online Acc
Page 127 and 128: Physical deterioration of digital m
Page 129 and 130: 7. POLICIES FOR DIGITIZATION 1. Meg
Page 134 and 135: Library 2.0: Myth or Reality ? E.So
Page 136 and 137: Web 1.0 Web 2.0 DoubleClick --> Goo
Page 138 and 139: and chooses tagging, tag clouds, fo
Page 140 and 141: and access can be given through com
Page 142 and 143: writes, injures, defaces, cuts, mut
Page 144 and 145: to have access to restricted areas.
Page 146 and 147: Internet Usage by Research Scholars
Page 148 and 149: Kumar and Amritpal Kaur (2004) 5 st
Page 150 and 151: whereas fifteen respondents use it
Page 152 and 153: Fully satisfied Table 12 Satisfacti
Page 154 and 155: Information Security: The role of D
Page 156 and 157: Identifier Owner suffix 10-1003 / 0
Page 158 and 159: is costly affair. However, it is a
Page 162 and 163: As per the data of Home Ministry of
Page 164 and 165: 4.8 Cyber Defamation: Cyber defamat
Page 166 and 167: 4.18 Web jacking Forceful taking of
Page 168 and 169: Under the circumstances, the Librar
Page 170 and 171: 10. CONCLUSION Cyber crimes in Indi
Page 172 and 173: 2. STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES
Page 174 and 175: Table- 2: Library Network facilitie
Page 176 and 177: Table- 4: OPAC / Web OPAC Facilitie
Page 178 and 179: 6.6 Electronic surveillance Librari
Page 182 and 183: Knowledge Management in Academic In
Page 184 and 185: summarizes evolution of Knowledge M
Page 186 and 187: To prove their relevance and value,
Page 188 and 189: functions of the organization. Patr
Page 190 and 191: Knowledge Communication in Academic
Page 192 and 193: y way of conferring it the status o
Page 194 and 195: through face-to-face conversation.
Page 196 and 197: hurdles. Instant message are delive
Page 198 and 199: Knowledge communication network of
Page 200 and 201: As KM and learning activities for o
Page 202 and 203: • Operation personnel are require
Page 204 and 205: Figure-2: Home page for Centralised
Page 206 and 207: Glossary Development Figure-4: Home
Page 208 and 209: Extension of Qualification Systems
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Nuclear Knowledge Management (NKM)
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Knowledge Sharing Environment (1) B
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already possess it. As those worker
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- identify critical “at risk” k
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open literature, content and TOC cr
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FROM MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL K
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Organizational Knowledge Organizati
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Central Repository Data + Informati
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The infrastructure based approach i
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The ‘System Quality’ refers to
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KNOWLEDGE: A MARKETABLE COMMODITY A
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APPLYING E-COMMERCE TO E-LEARNING E
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Role of Libraries in the Knowledge
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their scholars to post their articl
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Author Index Amudhavalli, A., 143 A
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