READIT-2007 - Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

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Role of Libraries in the Knowledge Commodity World K V Satyanarayana*, Sheetal Tare * Abstract Libraries have been dealing with information technology for nearly four decades and it has touched every aspect of library services, for example; circulation, reference, cataloging and so on. With the evolution of the Internet, the change is happening at a very rapid pace. Usages of online services have reached a frenetic pace. Information that was earlier available through books, journals in libraries or high-cost databases is now available on the Web, sometimes free of cost. This has led to commoditization of knowledge with information available anywhere, anytime and barriers to access of knowledge have started disappearing. A small percentage of information is freely available on the Web while there is still a vast pool of information available with a price and the options for end-users have increased manifold. Indeed, users seem to be comfortable searching the Web by using Google and other search engines, rather than visiting the library. This has created a paradigm shift for libraries. Libraries are now focusing on adding value by 1) Suggesting sources to users and providing remote access to library sources, 2) Providing assistance through evaluating authenticity, 3) Enhancing the quality of content for users and 4) Provide domain specific information services. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, knowledge is primary resource in organizations and society is moving from being information society to knowledge society. Organizations are practicing and implementing knowledge management techniques and technologies to improve their efficiency, effectiveness and stay in the competition. Knowledge is becoming commoditized in this globalized world and rapid growth of technology is intensifying such attempts. Knowledge has not been produced in any factory, but it taken different shapes, packaged, distributed, sold, shared, and used. The resulting learning is again reapplied to create new knowledge and leading to new knowledge commodity. Indeed, knowledge became externalized from knower and its utility is linked with its perceived value to customers. Rapid advances in technology are further reducing the barriers to direct access to information/knowledge in corporate and academic library settings. Thus libraries are forced to adopt business models to survive and continuously add value to customer services. 2. COMMODITIZATION OF INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE Before the arrival of World Wide Web, access to information was predominantly though books. Journals, CD-ROMs and some time through paid online databases. These resources generally used to exist in Libraries and users are restricted by lack of multiple copies, reference collection and/or high cost of these sources. With internet growth, access to information has changed and many such collections are now available on the web in the electronic format. Now information is available both in structured and nonstructured format on the web. Not only publishers, professional organization but * Tata Consultancy Services. (Pune), k.satyanarayana, sheetal.tare @tcs.com, 204
Individuals, institutions, corporate houses are publishing information on Internet. Wide variety of information sources are now available on the web which includes journals, magazines, news papers, books, library catalogues, dictionaries, maps, technical reports, encyclopedias, patents, websites of companies, organizations, governments and so on. Technology also made possible to provide access to these services remotely. Information and / or knowledge taken in electronic format can be made available to multiple users simultaneously, sometime even without any cost implications. Knowledge available in patents, is now easily accessible to researchers having access to internet. Several patent offices are providing free access to full-text of patent on their websites. Encyclopedias, resources once usually found in libraries only are now easily available on the web. Users are unlikely to consult libraries for referring to these materials. Apart from the availability of electronic information, there are few developments that lead to rise of commoditization of knowledge. They are given below: Government/International Organization information sources: Many government and international agencies made their information available for free on the web. World Bank Group makes it Project appraisal reports, Economic and Sector Works, and studies and working papers available on their website. US government websites provide statistics and research reports on their websites. Growth of Search engines into information provision: Once where users depended on libraries for news, financial or stock market information, now they can easily get access through finance pages of Google, Yahoo, MSN and several other websites. Sometimes, these pages provide free access to limited market research and company analyst information. News can be accessed through news pages or RSS feeds. Publisher subscription policies: Some societies have made available access to their content to individuals at lower price thus providing convenient access to information. Few publishers or information providers provide some information freely to users. IEEE Digital Library subscription for members is available for USD 35 per month. Hoovers website provides basic company information freely and detailed information on subscription basis. Gartner provides some content freely on their website. Credit card and electronic payments: Several publishers, aggregators, document delivery service providers like ScienceDirect, Ingenta, Emerald, British Library and university libraries started delivering single articles or services by accepting credit card payments. Open Archives and Open Access movement: From the mid-1990s, open archive and access movements started gaining momentum and it became very popular in this decade. Open access can be described as free and unrestricted online access to digital scholarly material, primarily peer-reviewed research articles in journals. Today Directory of Open Access Journals lists 2726 journals in its directory. These are free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals. Similarly, institutes are encouraging 205
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Conference on Recent Advances in In
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CONTENTS INVITED TALKS “Bodhi”
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Dr. Sanjay K Kaushik and Vijendra S
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Tacit Knowledge Contextual Mental P
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documents can become knowledge repo
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objects to form a conceptual networ
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Global highly competitive fast ch
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knowledge would always be packaged
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If our human filters are all too mu
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6. Booch, G. (1993). Object-Oriente
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development (Balyan, R.K. 2007). Th
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4. NEW FOUND ROLES / RESPONSIBILITI
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human resource development in the k
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Those librarians who have the neede
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of information using formal and inf
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high quality information and by net
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and underpin information management
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everywhere on the Internet, existin
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11. RESOURCES SHARING AND NETWORKIN
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influence the organization’s know
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN DIGITAL INF
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Thirdly Knowledge Management promot
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6. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: COMMON AND
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7. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION IN
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Knowledge and Information Managemen
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to a broad collection of organizati
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Information technology is a tool fo
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In the library world, there is a le
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more science in public domain. Seve
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Web-of Science which covers Science
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Creation of digital contents and in
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University Libraries - Metamorphosi
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• Management skills - motivating,
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KM will play an essential role, and
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4. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INF
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Safety Knowledge Management System
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Multimedia Data Mining in Digital L
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The Multimedia Data Mining (MDM) is
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performed at the global or local le
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REFERENCES 1. Sinha, Manojkumar and
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- Information explosion - Prolifera
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also go together for adding visual
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6.2 Format This refers to the abili
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Using Knowledge mapping to support
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- Be aware of organizational level
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application of knowledge providing
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By implementing these strategies, t
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detectors are suitable for detectin
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iii) Response Indicator II. Confirm
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5. CONCLUSION Present day libraries
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The objective of the archives is: 1
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custody and two copies are made for
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DIGITAL PRESERVATION ISSUES AND FAL
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epresentation, provenance, fixity a
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) Technical c) Resource challenges.
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There are many cost factors to cons
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This knowledge would vanish from th
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The key issues were: - Development
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as there would be changes in compet
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Digital Preservation and Online Acc
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Physical deterioration of digital m
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7. POLICIES FOR DIGITIZATION 1. Meg
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Library 2.0: Myth or Reality ? E.So
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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 DoubleClick --> Goo
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and chooses tagging, tag clouds, fo
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and access can be given through com
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writes, injures, defaces, cuts, mut
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to have access to restricted areas.
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Internet Usage by Research Scholars
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Kumar and Amritpal Kaur (2004) 5 st
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whereas fifteen respondents use it
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Fully satisfied Table 12 Satisfacti
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Information Security: The role of D
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Identifier Owner suffix 10-1003 / 0
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is costly affair. However, it is a
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(IR) and providing their own digita
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As per the data of Home Ministry of
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4.8 Cyber Defamation: Cyber defamat
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4.18 Web jacking Forceful taking of
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Under the circumstances, the Librar
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10. CONCLUSION Cyber crimes in Indi
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2. STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES
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Table- 2: Library Network facilitie
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Table- 4: OPAC / Web OPAC Facilitie
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6.6 Electronic surveillance Librari
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Knowledge Management in Academic In
Page 184 and 185: summarizes evolution of Knowledge M
Page 186 and 187: To prove their relevance and value,
Page 188 and 189: functions of the organization. Patr
Page 190 and 191: Knowledge Communication in Academic
Page 192 and 193: y way of conferring it the status o
Page 194 and 195: through face-to-face conversation.
Page 196 and 197: hurdles. Instant message are delive
Page 198 and 199: Knowledge communication network of
Page 200 and 201: As KM and learning activities for o
Page 202 and 203: • Operation personnel are require
Page 204 and 205: Figure-2: Home page for Centralised
Page 206 and 207: Glossary Development Figure-4: Home
Page 208 and 209: Extension of Qualification Systems
Page 210 and 211: Nuclear Knowledge Management (NKM)
Page 212 and 213: Knowledge Sharing Environment (1) B
Page 214 and 215: already possess it. As those worker
Page 216 and 217: - identify critical “at risk” k
Page 218 and 219: open literature, content and TOC cr
Page 220 and 221: FROM MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL K
Page 222 and 223: Organizational Knowledge Organizati
Page 224 and 225: Central Repository Data + Informati
Page 226 and 227: The infrastructure based approach i
Page 228 and 229: The ‘System Quality’ refers to
Page 230 and 231: KNOWLEDGE: A MARKETABLE COMMODITY A
Page 232 and 233: APPLYING E-COMMERCE TO E-LEARNING E
Page 236 and 237: their scholars to post their articl
Page 238 and 239: Author Index Amudhavalli, A., 143 A
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