FINAL REPORT - International Joint Commission

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Noden, D. and Brown, T. (1975) The New York commercial marina and boatyard industry, 1972. New York Sea Grant publication NYSSGP-RS-75-020. Parks Canada (2004). Lachine Canal, National Historic Site of Canada, Management Plan, Parks Canada Branch. Thousand Islands International Tourism Council (2002) 2002 Summer Tourism Season Business Confidence Survey, Executive Report, Alexandria Bay, New York and Landowne, Ontario. White, D.G. (1991) New York’s Great Lakes marinas: a 1990 analysis and profile. New York Sea Grant publication, Oswego, NY. Zins Beauchesne and Associates, 2002. Enquête auprès des opérateurs de marinas et Yacht Clubs, rapport final, Recreational Boating and Tourism Technical Work Group of the International Joint Commission, various pagings and annexes. ANNEX 2 10. Review Process Authors: T.L. Brown, J-F. Bibeault, N.A. Connelly, and J. Brown Reviewed by: Co-authors Received TWG Support: 1/18/05 External Review: Frank Lupi Options for Managing Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Water Levels and Flows 55
ANNEX 2 C. Coastal Processes Technical Work Group Summary Objectives The Coastal Technical Work Group evaluated the impacts that changes in water levels on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River would have on human presence along the coasts. Factors other than calm water levels have a significant influence on the impacts experienced by coastal areas, and these factors vary greatly from area to area. Along Lake Ontario, wind-driven waves and wind-induced water level changes (surge) are key factors influencing damages to coastal areas. These factors are of much less importance along the St. Lawrence River, although wind-driven waves are significant in some areas such as Lake St. Lawrence. In portions of the St. Lawrence River downstream of Montreal, waves generated by passing ships have a major influence on coastal processes. Data Collection and Evaluation Methodology It became evident at an early stage of the study that it would be advantageous to use more than one evaluation methodology. Differences in physical features, coastal processes and data availability led to a decision to develop one approach for Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River upstream of the control dam at Cornwall-Massena, and a second approach for the St. Lawrence River between Cornwall-Massena and the downstream study limit of Trois Rivières. Lake Ontario and the Upper St. Lawrence River The Work Group reviewed modeling approaches that have been used for similar purposes in previous studies. The Flood and Erosion Prediction System (FEPS) computer model, developed by W.F. Baird and Associates, Ltd. in 1997 under contract to the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for the Lake Michigan Potential Damages Study (USACE, 1999), was selected to form the basis of the evaluation procedure on Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River. This model has been adapted and further upgraded for the specific needs of the Study. Existing spatial and temporal data was gathered together for the Study. Several significant data gaps were filled through the collection and development of new data. A dedicated computer, known as the Coastal Data Server, was set up to store these volumes of data. Lake bottom depths (bathymetry), land surface elevations (topography) and ortho-photographs of the current shoreline conditions were provided through the Common Data Needs Work Group (refer to that section for more information). Property parcel data was gathered from U.S. counties and Canadian regional municipalities, where available. Shoreline classification data was gathered by the Coastal Work Group on a 1-km-reach basis along the Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River shoreline and included details on the geomorphic shoreline type, nearshore geology and type and quality of shoreline protection that is present along the shoreline. Historical aerial photographs documented the shoreline and river conditions from approximately the 1930s to the present. Historical recession rate data was compiled by the Coastal Technical Work Group based on existing information as was information on previous flooding events. Hourly water level data at gauges on the Lake and River were compiled in the Shared Vision Model. Hindcast time series wind speed and direction based on the past 40 years of data was used to develop a wave energy database. Historical ice cover data for Lake Ontario was compiled from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Coastal Data Server consists of 120 gigabytes of digital information that is actively part of the decision making process. 56 Options for Managing Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Water Levels and Flows
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FINAL REPORT Options for Managing L
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FINAL REPORT Options for Managing L
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FINAL REPORT current operating regi
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FINAL REPORT The current regulation
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FINAL REPORT If none of the candida
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FINAL REPORT Divergent Viewpoints T
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FINAL REPORT Transition to Implemen
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FINAL REPORT 10: Priority Performan
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FINAL REPORT a considerable amount
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FINAL REPORT The plan consists of a
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FINAL REPORT Figure 2: The Lake Ont
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FINAL REPORT 2. Criteria and regula
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FINAL REPORT water level and flow d
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FINAL REPORT Independent Review Ind
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FINAL REPORT Coastal Processes The
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FINAL REPORT The current estimate o
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FINAL REPORT Table 2: Economic Perf
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FINAL REPORT • Shore protection m
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FINAL REPORT Abbreviations STELLA -
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FINAL REPORT Approach 2: Optimizati
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FINAL REPORT Evaluation and Screeni
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FINAL REPORT • All performance in
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FINAL REPORT 5. During the Seaway n
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FINAL REPORT The programmed Plan 19
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FINAL REPORT Other efforts showed t
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FINAL REPORT Plan E generally produ
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FINAL REPORT An early version of Pl
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FINAL REPORT Plan Evaluations and C
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FINAL REPORT Table 3: Differences i
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Lake Ontario FINAL REPORT Figure 13
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St. Lawrence River at Lac St. Louis
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FINAL REPORT Figures 29, 30, 32 and
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Discharge (m 3 /s) Discharge (tcfs)
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Level (m IGLD 1985) Level (ft. IGLD
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FINAL REPORT Economic Results All p
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FINAL REPORT Disproportionate Loss
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FINAL REPORT Table 7: Percent Damag
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FINAL REPORT Table 8: Environmental
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FINAL REPORT Beyond the Summary Num
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FINAL REPORT Figure 36: Net economi
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FINAL REPORT On Lake Ontario, lakeb
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FINAL REPORT Coastal damages occur
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FINAL REPORT Figure 39: Wetland pla
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FINAL REPORT Sensitivity Analyses D
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FINAL REPORT Table 11: Summary of E
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FINAL REPORT Figure 43: Lake Ontari
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FINAL REPORT Climate Change Analysi
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FINAL REPORT Table 13: Summary of E
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FINAL REPORT Validation The Plan Fo
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FINAL REPORT Municipal and Industri
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FINAL REPORT Interest-specific shor
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FINAL REPORT Change the Criteria an
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FINAL REPORT Through the advocacy o
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FINAL REPORT 5. People living along
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FINAL REPORT The Study Board consid
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FINAL REPORT • Ecohydrology is th
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FINAL REPORT Institutional issues d
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FINAL REPORT Environmental Data and
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FINAL REPORT The point of access to
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FINAL REPORT Possible Changes in th
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FINAL REPORT 106 Options for Managi
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FINAL REPORT People and Organizatio
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FINAL REPORT Environmental Technica
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FINAL REPORT Common Data and Inform
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FINAL REPORT BASIN; WATERSHED - The
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FINAL REPORT EROSION - The wearing
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FINAL REPORT INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL
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FINAL REPORT PHYSIOGRAPHY - A descr
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FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL WORK GROUP (
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FINAL REPORT Pacific International
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FINAL REPORT Savage, C. Lake Ontari
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FINAL REPORT Doyon, B., et al. (200
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FINAL REPORT Planning and Managemen
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FINAL REPORT h. Information Managem
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ANNEXES Options for Managing Lake O
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ANNEXES Annex 3 - Plan Descriptions
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ANNEX 1 Annex 1 Pertinent Documents
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The Study Board shall provide optio
Page 174 and 175: Pertinent Document 2 Plan of Study
Page 176 and 177: trial regulation plans will need to
Page 178 and 179: WHEREAS pursuant to the said Applic
Page 180 and 181: (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) The works shall
Page 182 and 183: (i) (j) (k) Under regulation, the f
Page 184 and 185: (b) Control Facilities Adequate con
Page 186 and 187: ANNEX 2 2 Annex2 Technical Work Gro
Page 188 and 189: Hydrology, supplies Historical and
Page 190 and 191: Performance Indicators As noted ear
Page 192 and 193: Table A-2: Lower St. Lawrence River
Page 194 and 195: Table A-3: Weighting Scheme for Eco
Page 196 and 197: In the St. Lawrence River, high spr
Page 198 and 199: References Armellin, A., Mingelbier
Page 200 and 201: A. Environmental Contextual Narrati
Page 202 and 203: types. Analyses of historical aeria
Page 204 and 205: 9. References Listed in text Baedke
Page 206 and 207: B. Recreational Boating and Tourism
Page 208 and 209: In addition to recreational boating
Page 210 and 211: Summary of Key Findings Based on it
Page 212 and 213: ANNEX 2 Figure B-3: Alexandria Bay
Page 214 and 215: Participants Recreational Boating a
Page 216 and 217: Communities along New York waters v
Page 218 and 219: On the Canadian side, a telephone s
Page 220 and 221: 3. Potentially Significant Benefit
Page 222 and 223: The average horsepower of motor boa
Page 226 and 227: The Lower St. Lawrence River In com
Page 228 and 229: Table C-1: Unit Costs for the Const
Page 230 and 231: Beach Access The beach access perfo
Page 232 and 233: Since the value of shore protection
Page 234 and 235: ANNEX 2 Figure C-6: Map of percent
Page 236 and 237: ANNEX 2 Figure C-8: Map of downstre
Page 238 and 239: References Baird, W.F. and Associat
Page 240 and 241: C. Coastal Processes Contextual Nar
Page 242 and 243: Given the current land use policies
Page 244 and 245: . In the case of the shore protecti
Page 246 and 247: e. With the ever increasing urban d
Page 248 and 249: 8. Risk Assessment/Sensitivity Anal
Page 250 and 251: C. Coastal Processes Contextual Nar
Page 252 and 253: This interest suffered badly during
Page 254 and 255: 5. Key Trends Construction along ri
Page 256 and 257: Finally, from a computational stand
Page 258 and 259: D. Commercial Navigation Technical
Page 260 and 261: More information on the socio-econo
Page 262 and 263: Participants Commercial Navigation
Page 264 and 265: . Number of stakeholders The St. La
Page 266 and 267: g. Trade flows and current market c
Page 268 and 269: Commercial navigation costs actuall
Page 270 and 271: 5. Key Trends Provided below are hi
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f. In Montreal, water levels impact
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U.S. Dollars ANNEX 2 Figure E-1: Sh
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Ice formation Ice cover stability i
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Hydroelectric Power Generation Tech
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Regionally, hydropower is seen main
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NYISO administers the Day Ahead Mar
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(b) The hydropower performance indi
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Synapse Energy Economics Inc. devel
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9. References The Hydroelectric Pow
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F. Municipal, Industrial and Domest
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Taste and odours performance indica
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Determining a critical elevation fo
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Water level in Pointe-Claire (m) Fi
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F. Municipal, Industrial and Domest
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7. Adaptive Behaviours The evaluati
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(d) History of the interest The Akw
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Under this project, the H&H TWG pro
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increases throughout the year. Mixi
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• build operational hydrology for
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Fan, Y. and Fay, D. (2001) Variatio
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I. Common Data Needs Technical Work
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Collection of detailed bathymetric
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• Metadata requirements Metadata
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FTP Support The first component of
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ANNEX 2 Figure J-3: Typical product
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ANNEX 3 Annex 3 Plan Descriptions a
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After discussions, the Plan Formula
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Table A-1: Constraints Applied to E
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Deviations The outflow calculated a
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The following list summarizes the a
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-3: Lake Ontario Av
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Lake Ontario level (m) 1.9 1.8 1.7
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-8: Cumulative Freq
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Total winter flow (10 m 3 /s - quar
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Plan 1958-DD - Appendix Detailed de
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SELECT CASE adjusted supply indicat
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If the Lake Ontario level is greate
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The inflow category (e.g., wet, dry
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Step 5 - Ice limit: Exactly the sam
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-18: Plan A + rule
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Other rules Plan B + has two additi
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Plan D + : Blended Benefits Objecti
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-19A: Lake Ontario
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-20: Lake Ontario s
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-21F: Long Sault Da
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Figure B-23 shows the three benefit
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Score Figure B-25: Score based on t
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Flow Constraints In addition to the
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This procedure is repeated until th
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Reference and Interest Specific Reg
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Plan 1958-D Regulation of Lake Onta
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4. The “I” limits, or ice limit
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Figure B-31 compares the scoring re
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Experimental variations In simpler
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C. Summary Tables of Plan Results T
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Historical Time Series (1900-2000)
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Environmental Results (Historical)
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Stochastic Supply Sequences Economi
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Table C-8: Economic results for can
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Table C-10: Economic results for ca
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Table C-12: Environmental results f
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Table C-14: Environmental results f
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ANNEX 4 Introduction Annex 4 Mitiga
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The great majority of potential act
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Great Lakes Advance Emergency Manag
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“(b) General Plan. (1) The Secret
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Adaptive Management Action Plan (AM
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difference in evaluations. If, for
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Coastal Monitoring Purpose: Monitor
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Adaptive Management Program Summary
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS ABIOTIC - Non-liv
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COASTAL EROSION - The wearing away
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EROSION - The wearing away of land
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HYDROLOGIC MODELING - The use of ph
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MEASURE, STRUCTURAL - Any measure t
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PUBLIC INFORMATION - Activities whe
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SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION - Categorical
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FINAL REPORT - International Joint Commission

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