FINAL REPORT - International Joint Commission

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Hydroelectric Power Generation Technical Work Group, White Paper – General Information on the Moses- Saunders <strong>International</strong> Power Project and the Beauharnois-Les Cedres Complex, February 2003. NYPA FERC License: http://ferris.ferc.gov/idmws/search/results.asp (doc 20031023-3050) NYPA FERC FEIS: http://ferris.ferc.gov/idmws/search/results.asp (doc 20030923-0054) Sale, M.J. and S. W. Hadley. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Estimating Hydropower's Contribution to the Control of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Shoreline Erosion and Sedimentation Assessment Study Downstream of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam. Executive Summary, NYPA Relicensing Study. Shoreline Erosion and Sedimentation Assessment Study. Executive Summary, NYPA Relicensing Study. St. Lawrence Peaking and Ponding. March 1, 2002 presentation to the <strong>International</strong> St. Lawrence River Board of Control. Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. (2005). Electricity Price Forecasts for St Lawrence Hydroelectric Generation. Report prepared for the Plan Formulation and Evaluation Group, February 2005. Water Level Variations in the St. Lawrence River from Moses-Saunders Power Dam to Summerstown, Ontario. Executive Summary, NYPA Relicensing Study. ANNEX 2 Options for Managing Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Water Levels and Flows 111
ANNEX 2 E. Hydroelectric Power Generation Contextual Narrative 1. General Socio-economic Context (a) Production value of the interest The New York Power Authority (NYPA), Ontario Power Generation (OPG), and Hydro Québec (HQ) are public utilities owned by New York state and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec respectively. The hydroelectric facilities they operate on the St. Lawrence River have a total average annual hydropower production of approximately 25,000,000 MWh (13,000,000 MWh at Moses-Saunders and 12,000,000 MWh at Beauharnois-Les Cèdres). Although the mission of these entities is to produce low-cost power, the market value of the energy produced at these facilities is approximately US$1.5 billion at current market rates (b) Number of stakeholders The energy produced by the St. Lawrence facilities is enough energy for the consumption of approximately 2,000,000 homes. (c) Organizational characteristics These facilities are major contributors to the interconnected power grid that services customers throughout the eastern part of North America. Electricity demand varies both seasonally and daily. Energy production at the Hydro Québec facility is consistent throughout the day, while energy production at the Moses Saunders power plant varies to some degree during the day to match demand. (d) Values and perceptions of the interest Hydroelectricity plays a significant role in providing clean, inexpensive, renewable energy to the region. The scale of these “heritage electricity generation investments” on the St. Lawrence also contributes to keeping electricity prices low. In New York, several significant industrial users such as ALCOA and GM rely on low-cost electricity from Moses. Both New York and Ontario have made significant commitments to reduce the use of coal-fired generation and support the use of renewable energy sources. The St. Lawrence plants contribute to the base supply of clean, renewable energy. The ability to vary production to contribute to peak demands further reinforces the important contribution these facilities make to the health and welfare of the region's population. Air quality is one of the most important environmental concerns in southern Ontario and the northeastern United States. The St. Lawrence hydro facilities provide substantial air quality benefits; if the equivalent amount of energy from these facilities had been generated using fossil fuel, like 50% of the electricity in North America, 18,000,000 tons of CO 2 annually would have been discharged into the atmosphere. State and federal legislation is still evolving to further reduce air quality problems associated with power production, especially acid rain and the carbon emissions that drive climate change. Because overall electricity demand is rising, and environmental concerns may force the closure of some coal-fired plants, Lake Ontario regulation favourable to hydropower production will be more important, not less in the future. Reductions in hydropower production would have to be addressed by greater production from other types of plants, with consequent emissions and cost impacts. Much of the substitution will come from gas turbines, with some from coal-fired plants, both of which produce more carbon and airborne acids than hydropower. Nuclear production is more or less fixed, although there are industry efforts to promote new nuclear capacity. 112 Options for Managing Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Water Levels and Flows
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FINAL REPORT Options for Managing L
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FINAL REPORT Options for Managing L
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FINAL REPORT current operating regi
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FINAL REPORT The current regulation
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FINAL REPORT If none of the candida
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FINAL REPORT Divergent Viewpoints T
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FINAL REPORT Transition to Implemen
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FINAL REPORT 10: Priority Performan
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FINAL REPORT a considerable amount
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FINAL REPORT The plan consists of a
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FINAL REPORT Figure 2: The Lake Ont
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FINAL REPORT 2. Criteria and regula
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FINAL REPORT water level and flow d
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FINAL REPORT Independent Review Ind
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FINAL REPORT Coastal Processes The
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FINAL REPORT The current estimate o
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FINAL REPORT Table 2: Economic Perf
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FINAL REPORT • Shore protection m
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FINAL REPORT Abbreviations STELLA -
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FINAL REPORT Approach 2: Optimizati
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FINAL REPORT Evaluation and Screeni
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FINAL REPORT • All performance in
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FINAL REPORT 5. During the Seaway n
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FINAL REPORT The programmed Plan 19
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FINAL REPORT Other efforts showed t
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FINAL REPORT Plan E generally produ
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FINAL REPORT An early version of Pl
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FINAL REPORT Plan Evaluations and C
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FINAL REPORT Table 3: Differences i
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Lake Ontario FINAL REPORT Figure 13
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St. Lawrence River at Lac St. Louis
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FINAL REPORT Figures 29, 30, 32 and
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Discharge (m 3 /s) Discharge (tcfs)
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Level (m IGLD 1985) Level (ft. IGLD
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FINAL REPORT Economic Results All p
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FINAL REPORT Disproportionate Loss
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FINAL REPORT Table 7: Percent Damag
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FINAL REPORT Table 8: Environmental
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FINAL REPORT Beyond the Summary Num
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FINAL REPORT Figure 36: Net economi
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FINAL REPORT On Lake Ontario, lakeb
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FINAL REPORT Coastal damages occur
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FINAL REPORT Figure 39: Wetland pla
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FINAL REPORT Sensitivity Analyses D
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FINAL REPORT Table 11: Summary of E
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FINAL REPORT Figure 43: Lake Ontari
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FINAL REPORT Climate Change Analysi
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FINAL REPORT Table 13: Summary of E
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FINAL REPORT Validation The Plan Fo
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FINAL REPORT Municipal and Industri
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FINAL REPORT Interest-specific shor
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FINAL REPORT Change the Criteria an
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FINAL REPORT Through the advocacy o
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FINAL REPORT 5. People living along
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FINAL REPORT The Study Board consid
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FINAL REPORT • Ecohydrology is th
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FINAL REPORT Institutional issues d
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FINAL REPORT Environmental Data and
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FINAL REPORT The point of access to
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FINAL REPORT Possible Changes in th
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FINAL REPORT 106 Options for Managi
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FINAL REPORT People and Organizatio
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FINAL REPORT Environmental Technica
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FINAL REPORT Common Data and Inform
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FINAL REPORT BASIN; WATERSHED - The
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FINAL REPORT EROSION - The wearing
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FINAL REPORT INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL
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FINAL REPORT PHYSIOGRAPHY - A descr
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FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL WORK GROUP (
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FINAL REPORT Pacific International
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FINAL REPORT Savage, C. Lake Ontari
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FINAL REPORT Doyon, B., et al. (200
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FINAL REPORT Planning and Managemen
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FINAL REPORT h. Information Managem
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ANNEXES Options for Managing Lake O
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ANNEXES Annex 3 - Plan Descriptions
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ANNEX 1 Annex 1 Pertinent Documents
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The Study Board shall provide optio
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Pertinent Document 2 Plan of Study
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trial regulation plans will need to
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WHEREAS pursuant to the said Applic
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(c) (d) (e) (f) (g) The works shall
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(i) (j) (k) Under regulation, the f
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(b) Control Facilities Adequate con
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ANNEX 2 2 Annex2 Technical Work Gro
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Hydrology, supplies Historical and
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Performance Indicators As noted ear
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Table A-2: Lower St. Lawrence River
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Table A-3: Weighting Scheme for Eco
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In the St. Lawrence River, high spr
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References Armellin, A., Mingelbier
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A. Environmental Contextual Narrati
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types. Analyses of historical aeria
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9. References Listed in text Baedke
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B. Recreational Boating and Tourism
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In addition to recreational boating
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Summary of Key Findings Based on it
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ANNEX 2 Figure B-3: Alexandria Bay
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Participants Recreational Boating a
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Communities along New York waters v
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On the Canadian side, a telephone s
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3. Potentially Significant Benefit
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The average horsepower of motor boa
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Noden, D. and Brown, T. (1975) The
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The Lower St. Lawrence River In com
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Table C-1: Unit Costs for the Const
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Page 238 and 239: References Baird, W.F. and Associat
Page 240 and 241: C. Coastal Processes Contextual Nar
Page 242 and 243: Given the current land use policies
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Page 246 and 247: e. With the ever increasing urban d
Page 248 and 249: 8. Risk Assessment/Sensitivity Anal
Page 250 and 251: C. Coastal Processes Contextual Nar
Page 252 and 253: This interest suffered badly during
Page 254 and 255: 5. Key Trends Construction along ri
Page 256 and 257: Finally, from a computational stand
Page 258 and 259: D. Commercial Navigation Technical
Page 260 and 261: More information on the socio-econo
Page 262 and 263: Participants Commercial Navigation
Page 264 and 265: . Number of stakeholders The St. La
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Page 274 and 275: f. In Montreal, water levels impact
Page 276 and 277: U.S. Dollars ANNEX 2 Figure E-1: Sh
Page 278 and 279: Ice formation Ice cover stability i
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Page 286 and 287: (b) The hydropower performance indi
Page 288 and 289: Synapse Energy Economics Inc. devel
Page 290 and 291: 9. References The Hydroelectric Pow
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Page 294 and 295: Taste and odours performance indica
Page 296 and 297: Determining a critical elevation fo
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Page 302 and 303: 7. Adaptive Behaviours The evaluati
Page 304 and 305: (d) History of the interest The Akw
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Page 308 and 309: increases throughout the year. Mixi
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Page 314 and 315: I. Common Data Needs Technical Work
Page 316 and 317: Collection of detailed bathymetric
Page 318 and 319: • Metadata requirements Metadata
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Page 322 and 323: ANNEX 2 Figure J-3: Typical product
Page 324 and 325: ANNEX 3 Annex 3 Plan Descriptions a
Page 326 and 327: After discussions, the Plan Formula
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Deviations The outflow calculated a
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The following list summarizes the a
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-3: Lake Ontario Av
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Lake Ontario level (m) 1.9 1.8 1.7
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-8: Cumulative Freq
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Total winter flow (10 m 3 /s - quar
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Plan 1958-DD - Appendix Detailed de
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SELECT CASE adjusted supply indicat
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If the Lake Ontario level is greate
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The inflow category (e.g., wet, dry
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Step 5 - Ice limit: Exactly the sam
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-18: Plan A + rule
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Other rules Plan B + has two additi
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Plan D + : Blended Benefits Objecti
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-19A: Lake Ontario
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-20: Lake Ontario s
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ANNEX 3 Figure B-21F: Long Sault Da
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Figure B-23 shows the three benefit
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Score Figure B-25: Score based on t
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Flow Constraints In addition to the
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This procedure is repeated until th
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Reference and Interest Specific Reg
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Plan 1958-D Regulation of Lake Onta
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4. The “I” limits, or ice limit
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Figure B-31 compares the scoring re
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Experimental variations In simpler
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C. Summary Tables of Plan Results T
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Historical Time Series (1900-2000)
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Environmental Results (Historical)
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Stochastic Supply Sequences Economi
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Table C-8: Economic results for can
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Table C-10: Economic results for ca
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Table C-12: Environmental results f
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Table C-14: Environmental results f
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ANNEX 4 Introduction Annex 4 Mitiga
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The great majority of potential act
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Great Lakes Advance Emergency Manag
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“(b) General Plan. (1) The Secret
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Adaptive Management Action Plan (AM
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difference in evaluations. If, for
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Coastal Monitoring Purpose: Monitor
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Adaptive Management Program Summary
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS ABIOTIC - Non-liv
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COASTAL EROSION - The wearing away
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EROSION - The wearing away of land
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HYDROLOGIC MODELING - The use of ph
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MEASURE, STRUCTURAL - Any measure t
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PUBLIC INFORMATION - Activities whe
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SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION - Categorical
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FINAL REPORT - International Joint Commission

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