Understanding global security - Peter Hough

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Chapter 9 Accidental threats to security Accidents will happen? The nature and form of man-made accidents 200 The collateral damage of industrialization? The rise of accidental threats 204 Sub-global international accident and risk management policy 207 Securing those at risk in the world – global policy on accidents 208 Key points 213 Notes 213 Recommended reading 214 Useful web links 214 199
ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY . . . safety and health of workers is a part and parcel of human security. Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General 2002 (Annan 2002) Accidents will happen? The nature and form of man-made accidents Of all of the issues considered in this volume (entirely) man-made accidents, in their various forms, are least frequently thought of, and hence acted on, as matters of security. However, unnatural structural or mechanical failings represent a major risk to human life throughout the world and it is a risk that has grown over time and looks likely to continue to do so. The absence of explicitly threatening causal factors, be they non-human or human with ‘malice aforethought’, has led to accidents being, to a certain extent, accepted as ‘one of those things’ and safety not becoming securitized. Most accidents, though, are wholly unnatural and rooted in contemporary human societal practices which are becoming more widespread throughout the world. As such ‘technological’ and ‘traditional’ accidents are no more unavoidable than other social systemic problems like war and crime. Transport accidents Major transport disasters have politicized safety issues over the last 100 years, with domestic security measures frequently enacted by governments after the event. Many states rewrote maritime safety legislation after the infamous Titanic disaster exposed weaknesses in the provision of lifeboats and other procedures. This ‘closing the stable door after the horse has bolted’ approach was witnessed following a number of the disasters listed in Table 9.1. Table 9.1 The world’s worst transport disasters Place Date Type No. killed 1 Philippines 1987 Ferry crash (Dona Paz) 4386 b 2 Salang Tunnel, 1982 Fire in road tunnel 2000 a Afghanistan 3 Haiti 1993 Ferry sunk (Neptune) 1800 a 4 Mississippi, USA 1865 Steamship exploded (Sultana) 1800 c 5 North Atlantic 1912 Ship sunk by iceberg (Titanic) 1500 b 6 Japan 1954 Ferry (Toya Maru) 1172 a 7 Canada 1914 Ship sunk (Empress of Ireland) 1014 b 8 New York, USA 1904 Ship fire (General Slocum) 1000 b 9 Philippines 1980 Ferry sunk (Don Juan) 1000 a 10 Baltic Sea 1994 Ferry sunk (Estonia) 909 a Sources: Ash (2001), b CRED (2003), c Potter (1992). 200
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Understanding Global Security Globa
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For Lisa, Daisy and Rosie First pub
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CONTENTS 3 Military threats to secu
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CONTENTS Key points 229 Recommended
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Tables 1.1 Fears of individuals liv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Frances Say, for l
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ACRONYMS FARC GAVI GDP GHS GOARN GP
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Chapter 1 Security and securitizati
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION Classic
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION interes
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION on the
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION Chapter
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION promoti
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION securit
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION As stat
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION In this
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION The wor
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Chapter 2 Military threats to secur
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MILITARY THREATS TO SECURITY FROM S
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MILITARY THREATS FROM NON-STATE ACT
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY We hav
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Table
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY govern
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Develo
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY e f g
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY premie
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY 1990:
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY of the
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY paradi
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY statec
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Chapter 5 Social identity as a thre
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SOCIAL IDENTITY AS A THREAT TO SECU
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Chapter 6 Environmental threats to
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY a
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY B
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY D
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY
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Page 170 and 171: Chapter 7 Health threats to securit
Page 172 and 173: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
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Page 176 and 177: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Global e
Page 178 and 179: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
Page 180 and 181: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY World He
Page 182 and 183: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Box 7.1
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Page 186 and 187: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY of minim
Page 188 and 189: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The rece
Page 190 and 191: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The glob
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Page 194: HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY • Glob
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Page 207 and 208: NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY correla
Page 209 and 210: NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Humanit
Page 211 and 212: NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Conclus
Page 213 and 214: NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY relief
Page 218 and 219: ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Howe
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Page 232: Chapter 10 Criminal threats to secu
Page 235 and 236: CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY When I
Page 237 and 238: CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY also r
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Page 245 and 246: CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY ration
Page 247 and 248: CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY • In
Page 249 and 250: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY Human secur
Page 251 and 252: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY selected de
Page 253 and 254: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY states, rav
Page 255 and 256: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY liberalism
Page 257 and 258: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY • A resto
Page 259 and 260: GLOSSARY Fourth World the least dev
Page 261 and 262: GLOSSARY their dominance of interna
Page 263 and 264: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ashdown, P. (2001) ‘
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, M. and Gray, C.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Haas, P. (1989) ‘Do
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Koivusalo, M. and Olli
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Natsios, A. (1999) ‘
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schweller, R. (2001)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Werner, D. (2001) ‘W
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Index Abbasi, K. 169, 170 Abrams, A
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INDEX cold waves 184 collective sec
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INDEX Global Outbreak and Alert Res
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INDEX Lee, K. 235 legislation as re
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INDEX Partnership for Peace 52 Peet
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INDEX trade: crime and 222; disease
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