Understanding global security - Peter Hough

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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY Table 10.1 UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime Articles 2–4 Article 5 Articles 8–10 Articles 11 and 12 Articles 13 and 14 Article 15 Articles 16 and 17 Articles 18–22 Article 23 Article 24 Article 25 Article 26 Article 27 Article 28 Article 29 Article 30 Article 31 Articles 32–41 Definitions and scope of the convention Criminalizing the participation in an organized crime group Corruption Punishment International cooperation on confiscation Jurisdiction Extradition Mutual legal assistance and investigative cooperation Criminalizing the obstruction of justice Witness protection Victim protection Encouraging public notification of crime Law enforcement cooperation Sharing information Law enforcement training programmes (initiation or improvement) Assistance to LDCs in implementing the convention Prevention of organized crime at the domestic level Implementation addressed by a more globalized polity, but could be significantly reduced in their significance by greater political will within an inter-governmental framework. Global crime, in contrast, is a security problem that is getting worse and does not look likely to recede in the face merely of greater cooperation between sovereign states. States have become almost outmoded organizations: in effect, we are attempting to deal with a twenty-first century phenomenon using structures, mechanisms and instruments that are still rooted in eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury concepts and organizational forms. (Godson and Williams 1998: 324) The use of special military forces in the 1990s by the UK and USA to take on South American drugs cartels marked a recognition of the securitization of international crime, but the ever-increasing flow of cocaine into those countries also showed the limitations of such an approach. Criminals used to exploit the lack of holism in domestic law enforcement by operating across (US) state boundaries or even (UK) county borders until such inappropriate decentralization was addressed politically. That situation has now arisen globally. • Internationally operating criminal groups are not new but have become an increased threat to both human and state security by utilizing the opportunities offered by globalization and post Cold War socio-political change. Key points 229
CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY • International political action to combat transnational crime has increased in recent years but remains insufficient in tackling a problem now beyond control by conventional inter-state politics. Recommended reading Chalk, P. (2000) Non-military Security and Global Order, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Godson, R. and Williams, P. (2000) ‘Strengthening Cooperation against Transsovereign Crime’, in M. Cusimano (ed.) Beyond Sovereignty: Issues for a Global Agenda, Boston: St Martins: 111–146. Newman, G. (ed.) (1999) Global Report on Crime and Justice, United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, New York: Oxford University Press. Williams, P. (2001) ‘Transnational Criminal Networks’, in J. Arquilla and D. Ronfeldt (eds) Networks and Netwars: the Future of Terror, Crime and Militancy Santa Monica: RAND: 61–97. Useful web links Europol: http://www.europol.net/ Interpol: http://www.interpol.int/ United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime: http://www.uncjin.org United Nations Crime and Justice Information Network: http://www.uncjin.org/ 230
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Understanding Global Security Globa
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For Lisa, Daisy and Rosie First pub
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CONTENTS 3 Military threats to secu
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CONTENTS Key points 229 Recommended
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Tables 1.1 Fears of individuals liv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Frances Say, for l
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ACRONYMS FARC GAVI GDP GHS GOARN GP
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Chapter 1 Security and securitizati
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION Classic
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION interes
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION on the
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION Chapter
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION promoti
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION securit
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION As stat
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION In this
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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION The wor
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Chapter 2 Military threats to secur
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MILITARY THREATS TO SECURITY FROM S
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MILITARY THREATS FROM NON-STATE ACT
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY We hav
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Table
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY govern
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Develo
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY premie
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY 1990:
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY of the
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY paradi
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY statec
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Chapter 5 Social identity as a thre
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SOCIAL IDENTITY AS A THREAT TO SECU
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Chapter 6 Environmental threats to
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY D
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Chapter 7 Health threats to securit
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY accompan
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Global e
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY World He
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Box 7.1
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY continue
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY of minim
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The rece
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The glob
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Greater
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY • Glob
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Page 249 and 250: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY Human secur
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Page 255 and 256: TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY liberalism
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Page 259 and 260: GLOSSARY Fourth World the least dev
Page 261 and 262: GLOSSARY their dominance of interna
Page 263 and 264: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ashdown, P. (2001) ‘
Page 265 and 266: BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, M. and Gray, C.
Page 267 and 268: BIBLIOGRAPHY Haas, P. (1989) ‘Do
Page 269 and 270: BIBLIOGRAPHY Koivusalo, M. and Olli
Page 271 and 272: BIBLIOGRAPHY Natsios, A. (1999) ‘
Page 273 and 274: BIBLIOGRAPHY Schweller, R. (2001)
Page 275 and 276: BIBLIOGRAPHY Werner, D. (2001) ‘W
Page 277 and 278: Index Abbasi, K. 169, 170 Abrams, A
Page 279 and 280: INDEX cold waves 184 collective sec
Page 281 and 282: INDEX Global Outbreak and Alert Res
Page 283 and 284: INDEX Lee, K. 235 legislation as re
Page 285 and 286: INDEX Partnership for Peace 52 Peet
Page 287 and 288: INDEX trade: crime and 222; disease
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Understanding global security - Peter Hough

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