Understanding global security - Peter Hough

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SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION The word security derives from the Latin sine cura, meaning ‘without care’. As such it is a fairly elastic term since the ‘cares’ may be major fears or minor frustrations. Complete freedom from care is both impractical and undesirable. Human life that does not have any everyday concerns is unimaginable and a complete absence of risk-taking in society would eliminate much beneficial scientific progress and entertainment from life. As such this enquiry into security in global politics focuses on the most meaningful fears there are: threats to the lives of people. • The study of global security is a sub-set of the discipline of International Relations. • The Realist paradigm of International Relations traditionally has dominated the study of security and focused enquiry on military security in inter-state relations. • The end of the Cold War brought about a re-appraisal of the Realist orthodoxy in Security Studies since the scale of military threats had receded and the logic of the balance of power as a necessary condition for peace had been undermined. • Some Neo-realists contend that Security Studies should still be preoccupied with state security and military issues or risk becoming too diverse a subject to give proper treatment to these still vital concerns. • ‘Wideners’ in Security Studies (including some Neo-realists) favour extending the subject to incorporate non-military issues which affect the security of the state. • A ‘deepening’ approach to Security Studies, favoured by the Pluralists and Social Constructivists in International Relations, widens the range of issues to be considered but also shifts the focus of the discipline to the security of people rather than of states; that is, human security. Key points 1 Non-governmental actors are taken to include all private organizations with political influence. Hence, alongside those groups conventionally thought of as ‘NGOs’, the term also covers multi-national corporations (MNCs), non-state ‘terrorist’ groups, pressure groups, organized crime groups and religions. 2 Although it can be argued that, unusual though this ‘surrender’ was, it was essentially a victory for the power politics approach of the USA in the 1980s which compelled the USSR to capitulate. Notes Recommended reading Buzan, B., Waever, O. and de Wilde, J. (1998) Security. A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder, USA & London: Lynne Rienner. Falk, R. (1995) On Humane Governance. Toward a New Global Politics, Cambridge: Polity. McSweeney, B. (1999) Security, Identity and Interests. A Sociology of International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 19
SECURITY AND SECURITIZATION Mathews, J. (1989) ‘Redefining Security’, Foreign Affairs 68(2): 162–177. Morgenthau, H. (1972) Politics Among Nations, 5th edn, New York: A. Knopf. Ullman, R. (1983) ‘Redefining Security’, International Security 8(1): 129–153. Wyn-Jones, R. (1999) Security, Strategy and Critical Theory, Boulder, USA: Lynne Rienner. Useful web links Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI): http://www.sipri.se/ Human Security Network: http://www.humansecuritynetwork.org/ United Nations Development Programme: http://www.undp.org/ World Health Organization’s World Health Report: http://www.who.int/whr/en/ 20
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Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 3 Military threats to secu
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MILITARY THREATS FROM NON-STATE ACT
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY We hav
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Table
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY govern
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY Develo
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY e f g
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY premie
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY 1990:
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY of the
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY paradi
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ECONOMIC THREATS TO SECURITY statec
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Chapter 5 Social identity as a thre
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SOCIAL IDENTITY AS A THREAT TO SECU
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Chapter 6 Environmental threats to
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY a
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY B
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY D
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY
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ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY w
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Chapter 7 Health threats to securit
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY accompan
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Global e
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Table 7.
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY World He
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Box 7.1
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY continue
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY of minim
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The rece
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY The glob
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY Greater
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HEALTH THREATS TO SECURITY • Glob
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY We cann
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY 2 Updra
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Avalanc
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY of hydr
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Better
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY correla
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Humanit
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY Conclus
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NATURAL THREATS TO SECURITY relief
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Chapter 9 Accidental threats to sec
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Howe
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Tita
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY in t
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Prop
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY the
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Nucl
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ACCIDENTAL THREATS TO SECURITY Such
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Chapter 10 Criminal threats to secu
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY When I
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY also r
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY Nearly
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY fully-
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY of dec
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY ration
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CRIMINAL THREATS TO SECURITY • In
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TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY Human secur
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TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY selected de
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TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY states, rav
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TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY liberalism
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TOWARDS GLOBAL SECURITY • A resto
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GLOSSARY Fourth World the least dev
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GLOSSARY their dominance of interna
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Ashdown, P. (2001) ‘
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, M. and Gray, C.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Haas, P. (1989) ‘Do
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Koivusalo, M. and Olli
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Natsios, A. (1999) ‘
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schweller, R. (2001)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Werner, D. (2001) ‘W
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Index Abbasi, K. 169, 170 Abrams, A
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INDEX cold waves 184 collective sec
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INDEX Global Outbreak and Alert Res
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INDEX Lee, K. 235 legislation as re
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INDEX Partnership for Peace 52 Peet
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INDEX trade: crime and 222; disease
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Understanding global security - Peter Hough

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