Environmental and health related criteria for buildings - ANEC

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IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings 4.2. Historical review First Systems The beginning of environmental building assessment systems dates back to the late 1980s. The objectives were raising the demand for environmentally friendly buildings, finding innovative solutions that minimize the environmental impact and enhancing best practice examples. The first comprehensive assessment system was launched by BRE (Building Research Establishment) in the United Kingdoms in 1990 (http://www.breeam.org). It was called BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method) and revised several times. Today it is the most widely used environmental label for buildings, with over 110,000 buildings certified and over half a million registered for certification. BREEAM is used all around the world and can be readily adapted to local regulation and conditions. BREEAM gave substantial impetus for the development of international and transnational systems (including the GBTool, see paragraph below). In the UK, the standard is well established: all government buildings have to achieve the assessment level "excellent". In May 2008, the Code for Sustainable Homes based on the BREEAM scheme “Ecohomes” became mandatory for new housing in England. The second world-widely-used system is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). It was launched in 1998 by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC http://www.usgbc.org). In 2009, the Green Building Certification Institute (http://www.gbci.org) assumed responsibility for administering the LEED certification program under which more than 17,000 commercial projects now await certification. GBCI coordinates the work of global certification bodies with expertise in validating international standards (ISO-compliance) and ensures that the third-party certification and verification of buildings under the LEED Rating System is of high quality. LEED is used in many countries - including Canada, Brazil, Mexico and India. LEED and BREEAM offer benefits for international companies, as these systems enable to assess whole building portfolios in different countries using the same rating system. The disadvantage is that a high translation effort is required to apply international systems (raising the costs of consulting for a successful certification). GBC (Green Building Challenge) The following initiatives pay more attention to regional conditions, but do not offer marketable certification schemes, but frameworks to adapt. In 1996, an international working group called "Green Building Challenge (GBC)" was founded by the Canadian architects Nils Larsson and Ray Cole. The aim was to define a common framework for environmental building assessment, to test the criteria on projects in different countries and to provide a platform for developing national systems. The so-called “GBTool” was launched as a master tool by the members of the working group and adapted to region-specific context. This process of optimization and testing was accompanied by conferences held every three years (the first conference took place in 1998 Final Report 24 31 03 2011
IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings in Vancouver) and resulted in different national building assessment systems based on the key indicators of the GBTool and tailored to the needs of the regional market. The GBTool which is now called SBTool (Sustainable Building Tool) is a flexible framework operating on Excel that can be configured to suit almost any local condition or building type. It may also be thought of as a toolkit that assists local organizations to develop regional SBTool rating systems (e.g. ITACA, the Federal Association of the Italian Regions, adopted the GBC respectively SB methodology as basis to develop an institutional assessment system for residential buildings: Protocollo ITACA. It is now the reference rating system of the regional authorities in Italy combined with specific funding incentives for sustainable buildings). SB Method is set to allow easy insertion of local criteria, weights can be switched off or reduced. iiSBE (International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment) The loose network "Green Building Challenge" was transformed into the international association iiSBE (International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment http://www.iisbe.org), which is today responsible for the organization of the "World Sustainable Building" conferences. It is a non-profit organization with 400 members and 23 Board Members from 20 countries. The most important activity is networking; helping specialists and generalists to get to know each others’ abilities and to present best practice examples. The next conference will take place in Helsinki in October 2011. Further activities are - development of the SBTool rating framework, - operation of SBIS (http://www.sbis.info), a web-based database providing objective information about sustainable building practices around the world - operation of working groups on survey of rating systems, indicators suitable in microurban areas, zero built environment (focusing on zero operating energy, GHG and water), synergy grids and sustainable infrastructure SB Alliance (Sustainable Building Alliance) In April 2008, the Sustainable Building Alliance (SB Alliance) was founded in Paris – an organization with the aim to concentrate the activities in the field of environmental building assessment (http://www.sballiance.org). SB Alliance is a grouping of primarily European assessment and certification-oriented organizations. Its goal is to delevop common metrics that can be used to compare the sustainable performance of buildings or built environment through the different voluntary rating schemes. SB Alliance works to develop a greater level of communality between the different assessment systems to improve understanding, comparibility and take-up. The members will refer to a core set of common metrics for key issues. SB Alliance is not a certification body and will not develop a new assessment system. Existing certification systems will not be replaced. Members are e.g. BRE, USGBC, DGNB, HQE, effinergie, etc. The first board of directors of the SB Alliance is composed of representatives from one of the following organizations: - Building research establishment (UK) Final Report 25 31 03 2011
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