Environmental and health related criteria for buildings - ANEC

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IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings Table 15: Indicators concerning “Energy and CO 2 Emissions” in the considered building assessment systems Main paramet ers Lifecycle Stages Subordi nat. Paramet Com plem .ents EU Ecolabel SBTool CSH (BRE) LEED for Homes DGNB PE non renewable ● (1) ● ● ● PE renew. / Share of ren. sources ● ● ● ● CO 2 emissions ● ● ● (●) (2) Production process ● (7) (8) ● Construction on-site ● (7) Operational Energy ● (1) ● ● ● ● ● Maintenance/Refurbishment ● (7) (●) ● ● Disposal ● (7) (3) ● Heat Loss Parameter / U-values ● ● Heating Energy Need ● Final (delivered) Energy ● ● Individual Measures (4) ● ● ● ● Domestic Electr. Appliances (5) ● ● (●only PH) (1) only for heating purposes (comprises renewable and non-renewable energy sources or is not definitely restricted to non-renewable ones) (2) CO 2 emissions will be integrated after implementation of national calculation method (3) Disposal phase is taken into account but not through energy or CO2-related indicators. (4) e.g. lighting, insulation of HVAC systems, energy-efficiency of ventilation systems, etc. (5) (information on) labelled white goods or calculation method including efficiency of domestic appliances (6) only indirect parameters (Green Guide Rating refers to GWP amongst other impact categories, but does not include embodied energy…) (7) optional criterion: Building LCA according to ISO 14040 or CEN/TC 350 - prEN 15978 without benchmarks (8) Energy / CO 2 embodied in materials / products (optional criterion), (6) ● TQB ● (3) Final Report 78 31 03 2011
IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings Conclusions and recommendations Operation phase Highly aggregated results such as CO 2 emissions or primary energy demand – especially when summarized over the whole life cycle may lead to losses of important interim results and optimisation steps which are more relevant to target groups of building rating systems. End-consumers for example need comprehensible and sufficiently accurate information of the energy efficiency of both, building envelope and HVAC systems, and guidance which energy carriers are environmentally-friendly, secure and available at affordable costs. Therefore, the following bottom-up approach is recommended: f) Heating or – if more applicable for southern latitudes – cooling and heating energy demand (assessment of the building envelope, solar passive gains and passive cooling measures) g) Delivered energy (assessment of the energy-efficiency of both envelope and HVAC systems) h) Primary energy (restricted to the operational phase) i) CO 2 Emissions (restricted to the operational phase) j) NO x Emissions, Particulate Matter (restricted to the operational phase) a) Heating or – if more applicable for southern latitudes – cooling and heating energy demand Apart from local climate conditions, heating energy demand is influenced by parameters that describe the thermal specifications of a building: average U-value, compactness, airtightness of the building, avoidance of thermal bridges, ventilation losses, and passive solar gains, cooling energy demand by size of windows and passive cooling measures (like shading devices, thermal capacity of the building mass, night venting, etc.). Individual measures (like reduction of heat loss parameters) are awarded in almost all sustainable building assessment systems 49 in order to focus on important optimisation strategies and to ensure that besides the efficiency of HVAC systems (see next section) the building itself meets defined quality requirements. The authors try to avoid the rating of individual measures due to the complexity of regional and local specifics and market availability of components but recommend the assessment of the heating and cooling energy demand in addition to more comprehensive energy indicators like delivered or primary energy demand which are based on these basic figures (see sections b-e). Because of the variety of calculation methods within the EU member states and the various main indicators used for energy performance certificates, a more consistent method is required for an EU Eco-label of buildings. Two options are possible: 49 (apart from DGNB which uses highly aggregated indicators such as primary energy non-renewable or CO2- emissions over the whole life-cycle). Final Report 79 31 03 2011
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