Environmental and health related criteria for buildings - ANEC

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IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings - referring either to EN ISO 13790 50 (in this case uniform calculation parameters have to be defined where national adaptations are allowed in principle 51 to guarantee the comparability of calculated figures for an EU-wide labelling of buildings) - or the reference is the PHPP calculation method (Passive House Planning Package 2007) following the guidelines of the Passive House Institute Darmstadt. Defining benchmarks for rating, an EU-wide Eco-label must not neglect regional climate conditions (heating/cooling degree days, solar radiation, etc.). A differentiation into at least three zones (cold, moderate and warm climate zones 52 ) within Europe is recommended. b) Delivered energy (including efficiency of HVAC systems) The delivered energy for each energy carrier should be part of any consumer-oriented assessment system (rated in both absolute figures and in comparison to similar building services to be able to assess the energy efficiency of the system(s) installed). The delivered energy (defined as the final energy demand lowered by the gains of (solar) plants on the building site) is of significant relevance for the prospective buyer or tenant of a building or building unit. Energy costs are based on the delivered energy (to the building or building unit) including losses and gains of all HVAC systems installed (calculation is based on standardised conditions for user behaviour and climate and usually includes all energy services). Power consumption for domestic appliances is not always included in the calculation methods of the final or delivered energy demand or, if taken into account, it is calculated only by default values as electrical appliances are usually not provided by the builders. However, home owners or tenants should at least be informed about the savings potential through energy-efficient domestic appliances (e.g. via energylabel, user guides, web links etc.). c) Primary energy demand (restricted to the operational phase) Delivered energy is an appropriate informative parameter for consumers but not sufficient as ecological key indicator for the whole energy consumption of the building sector. Important relevant energy generation processes are excluded from consideration. Energy scarcity and the upstream processes to generate energy delivered to the final consumer cannot be neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to include primary energy into a comprehensive building assessment method. Additionally, the authors recommend to rate renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption separately, since availability and renewability of resources is an important ecological aspect. This can be done by rating the primary energy demand of non-renewable resources or by assessing both the total primary energy demand and the share of renewable resources. 50 EN ISO 13790: 2008 Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling 51 E.g. method of calculation (monthly balance/ heating (cooling) period balance, simplified or detailed hour-based simulation). internal gains from electrical appliances, etc. Climate data (heating degree days, solar radiation) and corresponding parameters (e.g. length of heating period) have to be defined regionally as consequence of methodology. 52 Cold: above 4200 heating degree days, moderate: between 2200 and 4200 heating degree days and warm: below 2200 heating degree days per year (according to the study Boyano, A.; Wolf, O.; “Analysis and evaluation of 3 rd draft criteria for Buildings and next steps: The application of the Ecolabel Regulation (EC66/2010) to Buildings: Draft Preleminary Study Task 1: Product Group Definition and Priorization Analysis of Previous Draft Criteria Studies (ed. JRC Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, October 2010) Final Report 80 31 03 2011
IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings Primary energy factors for different energy carriers (especially electricity and district heating with defined levels of production mix, e.g. >70%, > 50%, >35% Combined Heat and Power) must be consistent and based on the same datasource when assessing buildings within one rating system. The highest level to achieve (zero energy/plus energy buildings) need clear distinction and a stringent definition of the balance boundaries (whether zero energy level will be achieved within a period of one year or at any time and renewable energy sources on-site/off-site are taken into account). d) CO 2 Emissions (restricted to the operational phase) Apart from causing emissions of pollutants such as SOx, NOx and particulate matter, energy generation and supply is one of the main sources of carbon-dioxide emissions thus contributing to man-induced greenhouse effect. Apart from industry production processes and transport, buildings are the main consumers of energy. CO 2 based assessments of buildings will be inevitable in future taking into consideration the European environmental policy. Not all member states have already implemented a CO 2 calculation method. In this case the primary energy demand is acceptable as key indicator in order not to cause extra calculation expense. Where CO 2 indicators are already implemented it is recommended to add a rating for the CO 2 emissions for assessing the efficiency of climate protection measures in the building sector. 53 e) NO x emissions, Particulate Matter (restricted to the operational phase) Minimum requirements for the NO x and Particulate Matter emissions of the heating systems in regular operation shall be given in an EU-wide Eco-label for buildings. Embodied Energy in Building Materials The embodied energy in building materials shall be considered as a proxy indicator to assess the environmental performance of the building. For more details to lifecycle considerations see the following chapter “Life cycle assessment”. Traffic-related Energy Consumption 53 Advantages and disadvantages of using CO 2 as key indicator for product rating (e.g. Product Carbon Footprint) are broadly discussed in the study ”Quack, D.; Grießhammer, R.; Teufel, J.; Requirements on Consumer Information about Product Carbon Footprint (ed. Öko-Institut e.V. commissioned by ANEC, Freiburg, 2010)” Final Report 81 31 03 2011
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Environmental and health related criteria for buildings - ANEC

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