Environmental and health related criteria for buildings - ANEC

IBO - Environmental and Health related Criteria for Buildings
Due to the complexity of interaction between the influence parameters mentioned above
precise (calculation) results can only be achieved by computer simulation (e.g. 3Dlighting,
Adeline, Radiance, etc.) or scale model measurements. Simplified calculation methods (as
described in the following sections, e.g. EU Ecolabel or CSH) or field measurements (by
using illuminance meters) give approximate results. The simplified calculation methods
comprise three components: the sky component, the external and the internal reflectance
component. Field measurements suffer from the lack of ideal sky conditions (“overcast sky”),
but if the evidence needed for building assessment systems refers to a value range (e.g. >
2%) the results are sufficiently accurate.
Daylight requirements can be defined either as point or average daylight factors (for relevant
rooms of dwellings) or averaged over the whole net floor area of a building (such highly
aggregated result is less significant with respect to the visual quality of rooms where
residents spend a lot of time).
As the availability of direct sunlight is definitely excluded from both, calculation and
measurement, methods of the “Daylight Factor”, parameters such as sun hours per day in
times of low position of the sun (winter) must be added to complement the daylight analysis
of a building. Sunlight hours can be analysed via solar diagrams for specific locations or
computer simulation taking into account the local shading effects (e.g. through neighbouring
buildings, overhangs, etc.).
9.2. EU Ecolabel (3rd draft)
The sub-section “Health and Well-being” comprises 8 mandatory criteria for residential
buildings 56 (criteria 18-25), more than half of them refer to daylight and lighting topics 57 .
Apart from radon concentration, materials used for interior 58 and VOC emissions in indoor
environment which are widely criteria relevant to health, the integrated indoor well-being
(including thermal comfort, but also lighting and noise indicators) is assessed according to
EN 15251 (22). Further daylight and lighting-relevant criteria are the following
- daylighting - common areas (19)
- lighting system control (20)
- glare control (21)
- daylight factor in each room (23)
The benchmarks in detail:
Daylight factor:
The daylight factor 59 in all common areas (e.g. halls, staircase, ..) shall exceed 5%, the
daylight factor in each room of the building 3%. Criterion does not apply to store-rooms and
56 Criterion 17 (dust generated by printers, copy machines, plotters) is only applicable for offices and schools.
57 Criteria 19. Daylighting – Common Areas, 20. Lighting System Control, 21. Daylighting – Glare Control , 23.
Daylighting – Daylight Factor
58 Materials for interior shall not contain substances or preparations/mixtures meeting the criteria for
classification as toxic, hazardous to the environment, carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction
(CMR).
59 The Daylight factor is defined as follows:
DF = SC + ERC +IRC
where:
Final Report 93 31 03 2011