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126 Lynn Jelinski Assemblers or Templating The hierarchical self-assembly of biomolecules is often touted as one of their key attributes for nanotechnology applications. However, there remains much to be learned about how to make periodic arrays of biomolecular assemblies, how to use biological templating in an efficient manner, how to mimic biological self-assembly with nonbiological molecules, and how to exploit differences between biological and nonbiological self-assembly. Combinatorial Approaches to Nanotechnology Combinatorial chemistry has had an enormous impact on drug discovery and development in the past several years. Ability to develop molecularly sensitive screening techniques is one of the limiting factors of combinatorial chemistry. It would be intriguing to discover screening methods that are particularly sensitive for picking up new phenomena exhibited by biological nanoparticles. Biomimetics and Polymer-Biopolymer Chimeras The largest impact of biological sciences on nanotechnology may prove to be through the lessons one can learn from biology, rather than from directly employing the biological molecules themselves. To this end, it is important to support research on various aspects of biomimetics, including activities in which synthetic and biologically-based molecules are combined in chimeric fashion. TECHNOLOGICAL COMPARISONS Table 7.1 makes subjective comparisons, weighted by level of effort, impact of research, etc., between the state of biology-related nanotechnology work in Japan, Europe, and the United States.
7. Biologically Related Aspects of Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials, and Nanodevices 127 TABLE 7.1. Comparisons Between Japan, Europe, and the United States in Biologically Related Aspects of Nanotechnology Synthesis Assembly US/Eur/Japan US/Eur Japan Dispersions and Coatings High Surface Area Materials Functional Nanostructures Bio-electronics US Eur/Japan US/Japan Japan Eur US Japan Eur US/Eur Level 1 2 3 4 Highest REFERENCES Adleman, L.M. 1994. Molecular computation to solutions of combinatorial problems. Science 266:1021-1024. Aizawa, M. 1994. Molecular interfacing for protein molecular devices and neurodevices. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology (Feb./March):94-102. Aksay, I.A., M. Trau, S. Manne, I. Honma, N. Yao, L. Zhou, P. Fenter, P.M. Eisenberger, and S.M. Gruner. 1996. Biomimetic pathways for assembling inorganic thin films. Science 273:892-898. Aksay, Ilhan. 1998. Nanostructured ceramics through self-assembly. In R&D status and trends, ed. Siegel et al. Allara, D.L. 1996. Nanoscale structures engineered by molecular self-assembly of functionalized monolayers. In Nanofabrication and biosystems, ed. Hoch et al. Birge, R.R. 1995. Protein based computers. Sci. Am. (Mar.):90-95. Bishop, A.R., and R.G. Nuzzo. 1996. Self-assembled monolayers: Recent developments and applications. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Sci. 1:127-136. Brus, L. 1996. Semiconductor colloids: Individual nanocrystals, opals and porous silicon. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 1:197-201. Chemical Engineering News. 1997. Particulate matter health studies to be reanalyzed (August 18):33. Chen, J. and N.C. Seeman. 1991. The synthesis from DNA of a molecule with the connectivity of a cube. Nature 350:631-633. Chianelli, R.R. 1998. Synthesis, fundamental properties and applications of nanocrystals, sheets, and fullerenes based on layered transition metal chalcogenides. In R&D status and trends, ed. Siegel et al.
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Page 177 and 178: APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 329 ESPRIT ESR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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