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268 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan One of the researchers has developed a terahertz spectrometer capable of probing molecular vibrations in the 15-30 cm -1 range. At the time of the WTEC visit, this spectrometer appeared ready to be applied to real problems. CONCLUDING REMARKS In the short time it has existed, the NAIR cluster group has put together some of the best approaches of any group in Japan to study fundamental science issues. They began with virtually no equipment in 1993 and have designed and built a series of sophisticated apparatuses, each focused on probing a specific fundamental issue of cluster science. The unfortunate event was the termination of this effort in March of 1998. In this particular instance, the researchers are just beginning to harvest the results of careful and thoughtful design of state-of-the-art equipment. In at least one instance the apparatus was just coming on line at the time of the panel’s visit, and that particular scientist will have only a few months to generate data before termination of the program. It was the WTEC panel’s perception that several of the researchers (almost all fairly young) did not yet have positions to which they could move. Some of the older researchers obviously will be able to return to their sending organization, but several were hired directly into this project and had no ties to any outside organization. We were informed that each researcher will be allowed to keep his equipment in the new position, which is certainly good news, but “the termination of the program” was a theme that had certainly raised the anxiety level of many of the staff. The quality of the research and the novelty with which these young researchers have approached science could serve as a model for other groups in Japan; namely, the researchers were allowed (even encouraged) to identify interesting cluster science problems and then design experimental apparatus to probe these problems, rather than to just buy equipment. This appears to have born fruit, but the fruit may dry up before harvest can occur.
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 269 Site: NEC Electron Devices Laboratory 34 Miyugaoka Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Fax: (81) 298-56 6135 Date Visited: 23 July 1997 WTEC: Hosts: H. Goronkin (report author), D. Cox, J. Mendel, H. Morishita, M.C. Roco, R.W. Siegel Dr. Kohroh Kobayashi, General Manager, Fundamental Research Laboratories Dr. Jun’ichi Sone, Senior Manager, Advanced Device Research Lab Dr. Y. Ochiai, Manager, Advanced Device Research Lab Dr. K. Tanaguchi, Manager, Exploratory Research Lab BACKGROUND Funding: Targeting: Staffing and Foci of NEC Labs: 1% of NEC’s sales go to its Corporate Research Laboratory (including the Fundamental Research Laboratories) 70% of funding is from the corporate level 30% is contract funding from business groups 15% of funding for Fundamental Research Laboratories is from business groups and national projects Business group R&D, from three to five years Fundamental R&D Labs, from five to ten years Tsukuba: 300 (devices, materials, fundamental orientation) Kawasaki: 1,100 (computer and communication systems, software, and components) Princeton: 50-60 (computer science and physical science) Berlin, Bonn: (computers and communications software for parallel computers and ATM transmission technologies)
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 329 ESPRIT ESR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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