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264 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan Professor Nobuo Tanaka, Electron Microscopy Prof. Tanaka described nanobeam drilling using e-beam, which showed approximately 1 nm square windows drilled with a cylindrical beam. The lattice was distorted around the periphery of the window. Tanaka discussed a number of other issues, including granular magnetoresistive structures and mass production of fine particles, but it was not clear whether the work was done at Nagoya University or pulled from the literature. Tanaka showed a video of two sharp gold tips coming together to create a liquid-like interface. The tips were electrolytically sharpened. As seen in the video, the tip diameter was about 10-15 atoms. As the tips separated, the liquid-like region took on the lattice constant of one of the two tips. Previously, this demonstration had been reported with a tip and a flat surface. Professor Jun-Ichiro Inoue, Transport Phenomena in Macroscopic Magnets Prof. Inoue has calculated the magnetoresistance ratio vs. surface/volume ratio of FeCr granules in a matrix. The model was independent of matrix material and distance between clusters. Although the assumed spacing was 2-5 Å, interactions were not included. Data from Tohoku University of a tunnel diode with Co-AlO granular barrier had a four order of magnitude drop in resistivity and a constant MR ratio of about 19% at 4.2 K. The barrier thickness was about 1.0 µm, and the maximum voltage was 1.0 V. Typical barrier thickness reported in the literature is about 10-15 Å, so the Tohoku data applies to fields that are about 1E7 lower than structures designed for memory cells or hard drive heads. The decrease in resistivity was explained by the charging energy of the single-electron-like granules, although this explanation seems unlikely to this author.
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 265 Site: National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR) Cluster Science Group 1-1-4 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Tel: (81) 298-54 2540; Fax: (81) 298-54 2949 Date Visited: 23 July 1997 WTEC: Host: D.M. Cox (report author), H. Goronkin, E. Hu, J. Mendel, H. Morishita Dr. Harutoshi Takeo, Leader of Cluster Science Group E-mail: takeo@nair.go.jp BACKGROUND NAIR, the National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research is one of 15 research institutions of AIST, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology. The focus of the AIST laboratories is concentrated on R&D programs judged to be capable of raising the level of Japan’s technology in four main ways: 1. nurture new leading-edge technology that will lay the basis for future technical innovation 2. establish basic technical standards 3. meet the society’s needs for earthquake prediction, pollution prevention, and environmental preservation 4. embrace all basic or general research that is appropriate for a national research organization NAIR was founded in January 1993 with an objective of pursuing interdisciplinary research themes covering fundamental and frontier areas of industrial science. The institute is dedicated to the creation of international intellectual properties in broad fields of basic and strategic R&D, where national funds are expected to play a positive role. NAIR is characterized by the tripartite collaboration of industrial, academic, and governmental sectors, as well as by international cooperation. It is portrayed as an innovative attempt to overcome institutional boundaries by bringing together scientists of diversified specialty—not only from research institutes under AIST and the Science and Technology Agency (STA), but also from universities and research organizations in the private sector—to engage in intensive joint research.
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 7 Biologically Related Aspe
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7. Biologically Related Aspects of
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix E. Site Reports—Taiwan 3
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Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 329 ESPRIT ESR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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