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300 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan Site: The University of Tokyo Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kogakukan #5, Room 709 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Fax: (81) 3-5689 7352 Date Visited: 22 July 1997 WTEC: Hosts: D.T. Shaw (report author) Prof. H. Komiyama, Dept. of Chemical Systems Engineering Dr. H.S. Zhou Dr. Fumihiro Wakai, Professor, Center of Materials Design, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama BACKGROUND The University of Tokyo is the oldest and the most prestigious university in Japan. Prof. Komiyama belongs to the Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, which is one of three departments (the other two are the Department of Applied Chemistry and the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology) in the Department of Chemical Engineering. His work on nanoparticles has focused on the synthesis and optical properties of nanocomposites of metal/organic, organic/metal, metal/semiconductor, and semiconductor/semiconductor particles. More recently, coated selfassembled nanoparticles have also been studied. Overall, Prof. Komiyama’s work on nanoparticles and nanoparticle structures has focused on fundamental studies of the effects of quantum confinement of heterostructured nanoparticles and nanoparticle structures. Prof. Komiyama’s laboratory is extremely well equipped and has formed strong connections to other research laboratories both within and outside Japan. At the present time, all his research projects appear to be experimental. In fact, the last theoretical work was conducted in cooperation with Prof. Joseph W. Haus (Physics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, RPI) who visited him for one year in 1992.
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 301 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS Dr. H.S. Zhou, who is now a researcher at the Electrotechnical Laboratory at Tsukuba City, showed me his work with Prof. Komiyama on the study of conformational change of protein cytochrome b-562 absorbed on colloidal gold particles. Cytochrome b-562 is a small cylindrical haem protein (diameter ~2.5 nm and height ~5 nm) found in the periplasm of E- coli. Depending on the degree of coverage, the protein on the gold particles (diameter ~ 31 nm) can be in side-on or tail-on conformation. Maximum optical shift occurs when protein particles are in side-on conformation with an effective composite particle size of 36 nm. Other work in this area includes the synthesis of semiconductor/semiconductor (such as CdS/PbS) and metal-coated (such as AuS/Au, Ag/polydiacetylene) particles. Some of this work was partially inspired by the theoretical work carried out while Prof. Haus was visiting Tokyo University on leave from RPI in 1992. In recent years, special emphasis has been placed on experimental projects because of the great influx of equipment funds from the government. At present, nanoparticles are fabricated by colloidal chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition techniques (e.g., laser ablation, sputtering, and electron cyclotron resonance). Dr. Fumihiro Wakai was invited by Prof. Komiyama to make a presentation on his work on superplasticity. Dr. Wakai was associated with the National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya. He is now a professor at the Center of Materials Design at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Yokohama. His work (Nature 1990. 344:421) on Si 3 N 4 /SiC composites has led to the discovery of superplasticity in nanocrystalline covalent ceramic materials. Currently, he is also the director of a large cooperative project between Japan and Germany (Prof. Fritz Aldinger, Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung), supported by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, that commenced its operation in October 1966. The objectives of the cooperative project are to explore the nanostructures of the superplastic grain boundaries and to develop new synthesis techniques for maximum superplastic deformation at elevated temperatures. In addition, Prof. Komiyama mentioned the possibility of investigating the miniaturization of superplastic testing and characterization with a very small amount of materials. CONCLUDING REMARKS Although I spent all of my visit with Prof. Komiyama’s group, there are several other groups at the University of Tokyo that are conducting
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 7 Biologically Related Aspe
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7. Biologically Related Aspects of
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan OV
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Page 353 and 354: Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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