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244 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan scientists, and temporary researchers. There are apparently a number of programs in place in Japan to encourage international collaboration and cooperation. This flow of scientists and ideas in the field of nanoparticles and nanotechnology suggests that international scientists feel they have much to learn from Japan. This open flow of personnel also ensures that Japan has ready and early access to new ideas and technologies from abroad. Mechanisms for Scientific Renewal. Focusing on the national labs such as IMS, NAIR, NRIM, and RIKEN, the team was impressed with their agility in moving into new scientific areas. Panelists heard of mechanisms to close down nonproductive programs, mechanisms to ensure fresh turnover of faculty (e.g., at IMS), and mechanisms to develop consensus on new areas of science (e.g., the Intelligent Materials Forum). Such mechanisms will help ensure Japan’s leadership role, not only in nanotechnology and nanoparticle science, but in many other important areas of research and development. Collaborations Between Academia and Industry. The panel was impressed with the large number of collaborations evident between academic labs and industrial workers. Many of the academic labs are staffed with long term visitors from industry. A single lab may have workers from competing industries, working side-by-side on company-specific projects. There does not appear to be particular concern about intellectual property rights.
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 245 Site: Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) 1-1-4 Umezono, Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305, Japan Tel: (81) 298-54 5220; Fax:(81) 298-54 5088, Date Visited: 22 July 1997 WTEC: Hosts: R.W. Siegel (report author), D.M. Cox, H. Goronkin, J. Mendel, H. Morishita, M.C. Roco Dr. Koichiro Tamura, Director-General of ETL Dr. Tsunenori Sakamoto, Director of Electron Devices Division; E-mail: tsakamot@etl.go.jp Dr. Masanori Komuro, Leader, Micro-Beam Section, Electron Devices Division Dr. Junji Itoh, Electron Devices Division Dr. Hiroshi Yokoyama, Leader, Molecular Physics Section, Supermolecular Science Division Dr. Hiroyuki Oyanagi, Leader, Exotic Matter Physics Section, Physical Science Division BACKGROUND The afternoon of July 22 from 13:30 to 16:00 was spent at the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). It is more than 100 years old and is the largest national laboratory in Japan, with ~ 530 researchers and an annual budget of $100 million, according to a general introduction to ETL presented by its Director- General, Dr. Koichiro Tamura. Of this budget, ~ 15-20% is currently focused on various aspects of nanotechnology. The four major fields of research and development activities at ETL are (1) Electronics and Bioelectronics, (2) Energy Technology, (3) Information Technology, and (4) Standards and Measurement Technology. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS The work in the Electronics and Bioelectronics area, in which most of the nanotechnology efforts reside, is carried out primarily in four divisions,
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 7 Biologically Related Aspe
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7. Biologically Related Aspects of
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix E. Site Reports—Taiwan O
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Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 329 ESPRIT ESR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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