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256 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan Site: Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT) Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP) c/o National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Tel: (81) 298-54 2570; Fax: (81) 298-54 2575 Date Visited: 22 July 1997 WTEC: Host: R.W. Siegel (report author), D.M. Cox, H. Goronkin, J. Mendel, H. Morishita, M.C. Roco Dr. Eiichi Maruyama, Executive Director and General Director of Research Center E-mail: maruyama@jrcat.or.jp BACKGROUND Tuesday morning 9:30 to 12:00 noon of 22 July was spent in Tsukuba visiting the Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), an organization founded in February of 1993 through a joint contract between the National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR) and the Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP). These latter organizations were created by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The central focus of JRCAT is the Atom Technology Project, a ten-year effort begun by AIST in fiscal year 1992 as one of its Industrial Science and Technology Frontier Programs under the official title, Research and Development of Ultimate Manipulation of Atoms and Molecules. AIST’s total ten-year budget for this project is about ¥25 billion (~ $250 million), which flows mostly (~ 90%) through the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and hence ATP, with the balance (~ 10%) flowing directly through NAIR. The distinct advantage of this imbalance for JRCAT is that the NAIR funds are hard (national) monies that cannot be used for hiring people, while the ATP funds are soft (invested) monies that can be used very flexibly. The Atom Technology Project is envisioned as comprised of overlapping efforts in atom manipulation, nanoscale selforganization, and critical-state phase control based on in situ dynamic measurement and control complemented by ab initio calculation. The WTEC panel visit was hosted by Dr. Eiichi Maruyama, Executive Director of ATP and the Atom Technology Project Leader, who presented a
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 257 very informative and extensive introduction to JRCAT and its research efforts. JRCAT presently has 36 administrators and about 100 research scientists, of whom 35 are from industry, 28 are from national laboratories, 7 are from universities, 26 are postdocs, and four are PhD candidates. About 60% of the scientific staff are supported from ATP and 40% from NAIR. Of these, there are 78 PhDs, 21 foreign scientists, and 3 female scientists. The total funding flow has been reasonably steady since FY1995 at about ¥2.5 billion per annum, with significant fluctuations in the first three years for initial capital expenditures. The publication of research results in “major” journals (i.e., those with high citation impact factors, such as Nature, Science, Physical Review Letters, Applied Physics Letters, and Physical Review B) appears to be used as a measure of research program success. There have been a significant number of such publications (~ 120 per year) from JRCAT during FY94-FY96. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS The Atom Technology Project research program is lead by Project Leader E. Maruyama along with Deputy Project Leaders K. Tanaka (experiment) and K. Terakura (theory) and is organized into 11 groups in four general areas. These are as follows (with leader): Solid Surface and Solid Material • Measurement and control of atomic level structures by mechanical probe—19 scientists (H. Tokumoto) • Observation and formation of atomic scale structure using beam technology—8 scientists (M. Ichikawa) • Measurement and control of surface reactions for nanostructure fabrication—7 scientists (M. Ozeki) • Atomic level analysis and control of II-VI semiconductor surface—6 scientists (T. Yao) • Exploration of transition metal oxides and organic molecular system—8 scientists (Y. Tokura) • Exploration of amorphous semiconductors, magnetic thin films, solidliquid interfaces—15 scientists (K. Tanaka) Cluster in Free Space • Formation and control of clusters in ion trap and on solid surface—4 scientists (T. Kanayama)
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 7 Biologically Related Aspe
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7. Biologically Related Aspects of
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix E. Site Reports—Taiwan O
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Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 329 ESPRIT ESR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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