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280 Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan Site: Osaka National Research Institute (ONRI) Interdisciplinary Basic Research Section AIST, MITI 1-8-31 Midorigaoka Ikeda, Osaka 563, Japan Tel: (81) 727-51 9690; Fax: (81) 727-51 9630 Date Visited: 24 July 1997 WTEC: Hosts: D.M. Cox (report author), C. Koch, J. Mendel, H. Morishita, R.W. Siegel Dr. Masatake Haruta, Chief Senior Researcher; Head, Interdisciplinary Basic Research Section E-mail: haruta@onri.go.jp Dr. S. Tsubota Dr. M. Okumura Dr. Cunningham Dr. Ando Dr. Kohei Fukumi Dr. Teruo Kodama, Director General of ONRI Dr. Noboru Wakabayashi, Senior Officer for Research Planning BACKGROUND This WTEC site visit was hosted by Dr. Masatake Haruta, the Chief Senior Researcher at Osaka National Research Institute (ONRI), who presented an excellent overview of the AIST laboratories under MITI. ONRI is one of 15 national laboratories, of which 8 are located in Tsukuba. ONRI, founded in 1918, is the fourth oldest research institute of MITI. At ONRI there are five major research departments and one research section: • Department for Energy Conversion • Department of Energy and the Environment • Department of Optical Materials • Department of Materials Physics • Department of Organic Materials • Interdisciplinary Basic Research Section These research departments focus on three primary areas: (1) energy related materials, (2) optical materials, and (3) fundamental research. The
Appendix D. Site Reports—Japan 281 major components of energy related materials are energy storage using new battery technology; molten carbonate fuel cells; production, storage, transportation, and application of hydrogen energy; and catalysis. In optical materials the focus is on nonlinear optical materials and application of optical measurements. In fundamental research the focus is on thin film and ion beam technology, material design and characterization, and bioengineering of molecular complexes of peptides. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS ONRI is very proud of its history of contributions to industry, with several major inventions, discoveries, and developments in the labs at Osaka. Four of these are as follows: 1. polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, which are used as carbon fiber reinforcements for plastics used in golf club shafts and fishing rods, as well as for aerospace applications 2. transparent conductive films of indium oxide (and tin oxide) via vacuum deposition, which advanced liquid crystal technology; the transparent conductive films are also used commercially as anti-icing coatings and have been applied to windshields of the Tohoku-Shinkansen bullet trains 3. inorganic spherical microcapsules with porous walls, with applications in cosmetics and deodorants 4. the discovery that nanosized gold catalysts have specific catalytic properties useful for odor removal, specifically for rest rooms; this work is a recent invention from Dr. Haruta’s group Dr. Haruta, our host, in addition to his responsibilities as Chief Senior Researcher at ONRI, is head of the Interdisciplinary Basic Research Section, which was founded in 1994 as a new research section for basic studies, with a primary aim to provide fundamental knowledge to the science world. The technical update was provided by Dr. Haruta plus several other members of his group, Drs. Tsubota, Okunura, Cunningham, Ando, and Fukumi. The work on “gold catalysts” is a major focus for ongoing research and has led to the discovery that supported gold catalysts exhibit unique catalytic properties only in the case where the gold particles are nanoscale and highly dispersed (gold particles on the order of 1-5 nm in diameter supported on metal oxides such as TiO 2 ). S. Tsubota and M. Okumura described catalyst preparation techniques, characterization, and present understanding of the behavior of these materials as a function of particle size. Specifically, the particle size effects have been examined as a function of (a) the pH of the initial Au solution, (b) the effect of calcining temperature on the TiO 2 supports, (c) comparison of
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National Science and Technology Cou
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WTEC Panel on NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE
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ABSTRACT This report reviews the st
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Foreword Timely information on scie
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Foreword iii collaboration and thus
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Contents Foreword Table of Contents
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List of Figures 1.1 Organization of
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List of Figures ix 5.12 Granular GM
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List of Tables ES.1 Technological I
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Executive Summary Richard W. Siegel
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Executive Summary xix past decade,
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Executive Summary xxi TABLE ES.2. C
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Executive Summary xxiii blocks, and
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
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1. Introduction and Overview 3 •
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1. Introduction and Overview 5 worl
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1. Introduction and Overview 7 grow
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1. Introduction and Overview 9 lead
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1. Introduction and Overview 11 2.
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1. Introduction and Overview 13 It
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Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly Ev
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 17 transi
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 19 probe
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 21 by adj
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 23 blocks
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 25 Self-A
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 27 Figure
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 29 us to
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 31 Brotzm
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2. Synthesis and Assembly 33 Siegel
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Chapter 3 Dispersions and Coatings
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 37 exis
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 39 more
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 41 into
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 43 of N
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 45 oppo
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3. Dispersions and Coatings 47 Kanz
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Chapter 4 High Surface Area Materia
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4. High Surface Area Materials 51 w
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4. High Surface Area Materials 53 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 55 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 57 s
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4. High Surface Area Materials 59 T
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4. High Surface Area Materials 61 F
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4. High Surface Area Materials 63 m
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4. High Surface Area Materials 65 I
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Chapter 5 Functional Nanoscale Devi
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5. Functional Nanoscale Devices 69
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Chapter 6 Bulk Behavior of Nanostru
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6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured
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Chapter 7 Biologically Related Aspe
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7. Biologically Related Aspects of
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Chapter 8 Research Programs on Nano
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8. Research Programs on Nanotechnol
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APPENDICES Appendix A. Biographies
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Appendix A. Biographies of Panelist
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe S
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Appendix B. Site Reports—Europe 1
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Appendix C. European Roundtable Dis
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Page 353 and 354: Appendix F. Glossary 2DEG A/D AAAR
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Appendix F. Glossary 331 MA MBE mCP
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Appendix F. Glossary 333 PVDF QCA Q
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Appendix F. Glossary 335 WTEC XAS X
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