Annona Species Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Preface Increasing demand for exotic fruits for human consumption has become evident in many countries, both tropical and temperate. The indigenous and often "under-utilised" fruits in many developing countries can provide the vitamins, mineral salts and fibre in their diets. The majority of the Annona species are considered to be under-utilised, hence information on them is scarce and widely scattered. However, the areas under production have increased more rapidly than the contributions from science and technology. There is a need for better information for academics, researchers, extension workers and growers. The information available varies from species to species. Far less is known about A. senegalensis and A. reticulata than the other three species. It is hoped that the information provided will make this account useful to all those interested in annonas and encourage their wider cultivation and use. This is a reference text bringing together available information on five Annona species, with the aim of identifying gaps in knowledge and thus research needs. With an accompanying extension manual, this will provide opportunities for both resource-poor as well small-scale commercial farmers to develop this species for income generation. The monograph is written for researchers and extension agency offices. The extension manual is designed to meet the needs of farmers and small-scale producers. We hope that this work may encourage further production, processing and marketing of annonas particularly at the village level, and researchers and scientists to further explore the benefits of indigenous tropical fruit trees such as annona. For further information visit: www.civil.soton.ac.uk/icuc. Preparation and publication of this book has been funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), UK as part of a project called "Fruits for the Future". In addition to ICUC, other partner organisations involved are the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Mention of specific products or commercial organisations in the text is intended solely for purposes of illustration and does not imply any endorsement by the sponsoring organisations. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. A. C. de Q. Pinto and his colleagues Francisco Ricardo Ferreira, Maria Cristina Rocha Cordeiro, iv
Preface Solange Rocha Monteriro de Andrade, Ricardo Elesbão Alves, Heloisa Almeida da Cunha Filgueiras and Daniel Ioshiteru Kinpara who have prepared a very detailed and thorough manuscript for this publication. Also to Dr. Charles Clement and Prof. Trevor Williams for their help in reviewing and editing the manuscript, Ms. Barbara Richie, CABI for providing her advice on the pests and disease sections, the Editorial Board who have contributed their comments and help on the manuscript and to all other collaborators who provided information and research papers for analysis and citation. Lastly, we would like to thank DFID-FRP for funding the project without which this publication was not possible. Editors, 2005 v
Page 2 and 3: Annona species Authors : A. C. de Q
Page 4 and 5: DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Abbreviations ...
Page 8 and 9: 11.5 Processing....................
Page 10 and 11: 10-9. A guide for phosphorus fertil
Page 12 and 13: 12-1. Commercialization channels fo
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgement Acknowledgements An
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1. Introduction A. C. de Q.
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 2.1
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Bota
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany the
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Figu
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany tree
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany cont
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 4. A
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany open
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 4. Major and Minor Producti
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors Cheri
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors frequ
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors annon
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 6. Properties M. C. R. Cord
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6. Properties 1997). The mo
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 6. Properties These compoun
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7. Uses M. C. R. Cordeiro,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 7. Uses (RH), before finall
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7. Uses Seeds contain a red
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 7. Uses also be extracted f
Page 66 and 67:
Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.3 Ex
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Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement 9.1
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement the
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement a sh
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Bree
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement cros
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement In s
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Cult
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Shoo
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.1 Propagati
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Chapter 10. Agronomy GA is costly a
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Chapter 10. Agronomy is about 1 m t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-3. A
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Chapter 10. Agronomy adult trees ro
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-4. S
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Chapter 10. Agronomy methods (whip
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.2 Field est
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Plate 1. Purple skinned sugar apple
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Plate 5. Small
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Figure 10-8. Planting system accord
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Chapter 10. Agronomy atemoya ‘Afr
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Chapter 10. Agronomy approx. 120°
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Chapter 10. Agronomy branches above
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Chapter 10. Agronomy occurs in Janu
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (1970) found t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (Grossberger,
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Tree Age N g o
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Chapter 10. Agronomy values. This s
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Chapter 10. Agronomy the apical lea
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Chapter 10. Agronomy fertilization
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Chapter 10. Agronomy quality. The f
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-13.
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.3.7.1 Pests
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Chapter 10. Agronomy control this p
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Chapter 10. Agronomy cycle. Given t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Common Name Sp
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Brown rot (Rhi
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Chapter 11. Harvest, Postharvest an
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing Co
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing ne
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing in
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing de
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing sc
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Chapter 12. Economic Information A.
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information am
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Chapter 12. Economic Information an
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Chapter 12. Economic Information Pa
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Chapter 13. Conclusions However, th
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Better m
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Annona s
Page 174 and 175:
References Aiyelaagbe I. O. O. (199
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References Beneto J. R., Rodriguez
Page 178 and 179:
References Caparros-Lefebvre D., El
Page 180 and 181:
References Cortés D., Myint S. H.,
Page 182 and 183:
References Farooqi A. A., Parvatika
Page 184 and 185:
References Fuster C. and Prestamo G
Page 186 and 187:
References Hartmann H. T., Kester D
Page 188 and 189:
References Idstein H., Herres W. an
Page 190 and 191:
References Kosiyachinda S. and Youn
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References Lizana L. A. and Reginat
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References Moreno Andrade R., Luna
Page 196 and 197:
References Nonfon M., Lieb F., Moes
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References Perfectti F. (1995) Estu
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References Popenoe W. (1974 b) “T
Page 202 and 203:
References Saavedra E. (1977) “In
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References [Portuguese] In: Anais d
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References Viñas R. C. (1972) “A
Page 208 and 209:
References Yu Jing-Guang, Gui Hua-Q
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Appendix A. Compounds References A.
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix C. Institutions and Indivi
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Appendix C. 3740 Bilzen Belgium Agr
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Appendix C. Lemos, E. E.P. Departam
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Appendix C. Saavedra E. Faculdad de
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix C. Cuba Cuba Payo A. Depar
Page 230 and 231:
Appendix C. Ortega C. Instituto Nac
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Appendix C. Italy Parri G. Dipartim
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Appendix C. MÉXICO Abraján Herná
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Appendix C. Especialidad de Fruticu
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Appendix C. Cuernavaca, Morelos Mé
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Appendix C. PERÚ Duarte O. Departa
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Appendix C. Molecular, Universidad
Page 244 and 245:
Appendix C. United Kingdom United K
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Appendix D. Countries and Instituti
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. ECUADOR 1. Centro Andin
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Appendix D. GERMANY Greenhouse for
Page 256 and 257:
Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
Page 258 and 259:
Appendix D. Lowlands Agriculture Ex
Page 260 and 261:
Appendix D. PUERTO RICO Agricultura
Page 262 and 263:
Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Glossary A abcission - The normal s
Page 266 and 267:
Glossary C caducous - falling off e
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Glossary epigynous - borne on or ar
Page 270 and 271:
Glossary lanceolate - shaped like a
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Glossary pistil - the seed-bearing
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Glossary T tetraploid - having 4 se
Page 276 and 277:
Index Chile, 4, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27,
Page 278 and 279:
Index whip-and-tongue, 82, 83 Guana
Page 280:
Index storage, 42, 44, 51, 107, 123
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