Annona Species Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement In short, the cost of annona cultivar development is too high compared with the demand for superior grafted material, therefore, only a few private companies or nurseries can afford a breeding program, e.g., Zill Nursery in Boyton Beach, Florida. Nakasone and Paull (1998) stated that only cherimoya and atemoya have important named clonal cultivars. For other annonas, such as soursop, sugar apple and custard apple, there are some selections and very few named cultivars (Table 9.2). In California, some old cultivars of cherimoya, such as ‘McPherson’, ‘Deliciosa’ and ‘Bays’, were selected and cloned from seedling plantings (Nakasone and Paull, 1998). Grossberger (1999) stated that cv. ‘White’ is the most important cultivar grown in California because of its large size. However, ‘Booth’, as a very sweet cultivar, and ‘Pierce’, as a cultivar with the best shape for packing, have been cultivated for a long time. In Peru, considerable work has been done on the development of annona cultivars, but they are not widely known outside Peru. Chile, Spain and New Zealand grow cherimoya, as it is more tolerant of cold temperatures and has more successful self-pollination than atemoya. ‘Reretai’ and ‘Burton’s Wonder’ are the most important New Zealand cultivars while ‘Madeira’, ‘Mateus I’, ‘Perry Vidal’ and ‘Funchal’ are important cherimoya cultivars grown on Madeira island (Nunes, 1997). Numerous cherimoya cultivars have been reported in Spain and Fino de Jete identified as the finest commercial cherimoya cultivar, mainly because of its good postharvest life (Hermoso and Farré, 1997). In Ecuador, there are no single-cultivar orchards of cherimoya; rather most orchards consist of plants propagated by seed. In some cases there are plants grafted onto the local ecotypes known as Jaramillo and Chumina, selected by farmers on the basis of yield and quality (Fuentes, 1999). There is no well-established breeding programme for custard apple. Nonetheless, a few cultivars have been mentioned, such as ‘Camino Real’, in Guatemala, and ‘Fairchild Purple’ and ‘Young’, in Florida, USA (George et al., 1999). Soursop is largely planted by seed in most countries, including Mexico and Brazil. Soursop clones are separated into groups, such as acid (for the processing market) and low acid (for the fresh market), or juicy and nonjuicy types. Seedling populations of soursop have been established in Mexico, Malaysia and Brazil, permitting the selection of superior clones with better yield and improved processing qualities (Pinto and Silva, 1996; 65
Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Nakasone and Paull, 1998; Lemos, 2000 b). Morada is a soursop type belonging to the acid group and producing large fruits (average of 3.8 kg), which was introduced into central Brazil in 1980, and has shown high yield and good tolerance to trunk and fruit borers. ‘Giant of Alagoas’ developed by Lemos (2000 b) is a clonal cultivar selected from seedling of Morada soursop, which shows the same performance as the mother plant. Several soursop selections in the low acid group have been evaluated in Pernambuco State, Brazil, and some of them have given high yields - up to 70 kg/plant/year (Lederman and Bezerra, 1997). Table 9-2. Some selections and cultivars of cherimoya, atemoya, soursop, sugar apple and custard apple that are currently planted in various countries Cultivar/Selection Country of Origin Cultivar/Selection Country of Origin Cherimoya Atemoya Alvaro (1) Mexico African Pride (1) S. Africa/Israel Andrews (1) Australia Bradley (1) USA/California Bays (1) USA/California Jennifer (1) Israel Booth (1) USA/California Kabri (1) Israel Burton's Wonder (1) New Zealand Malalai (1) Israel Bronceada (1) Chile Nielsen (1) Australia Campas (1) Spain Island Gem (1) Australia Chaffey (8) USA/California Page (1) USA/Florida Cholan (1) Spain Pink's Mammoth (1) Australia Concha Lisa (1) Chile Soursop Cortes II-31 (1) Mexico Morada (3) Colombia/Brazil E-8 (1) Ecuador Lisa (3) Colombia/Brazil Fino de Jete (1) Spain Blanca (3) Colombia/Brazil Funchal (2) Portugal/Madeira Giant of Alagoas (4) Brazil/Alagoas Gangemi (1) Italy Ibimirim Selection (5) Brazil/Pernambuco Cherimoya Golden Russet (8) USA/California Sugar Apple Kempsey (1) Australia IPA Selections (5) Brazil/Pernambuco Leone (1) Italy Molate (6) Philippines Libby (7) USA/California Cuban Seedless (1) Cuba Lisa (1) USA/California Lobo (7) Philippines Madeira (2) Portugal/Madeira Noi (7) Thailand Mateus I (2) Portugal/Madeira Access 6333 (7) Philippines 66
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Annona species Authors : A. C. de Q
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DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
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Table of Contents Abbreviations ...
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11.5 Processing....................
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10-9. A guide for phosphorus fertil
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12-1. Commercialization channels fo
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Acknowledgement Acknowledgements An
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Preface Increasing demand for exoti
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Chapter 1. Introduction A. C. de Q.
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 2.1
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Bota
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany the
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Figu
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany tree
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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany cont
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 4. A
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany open
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 4. Major and Minor Producti
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors Cheri
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors frequ
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors annon
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 6. Properties M. C. R. Cord
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6. Properties 1997). The mo
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 6. Properties These compoun
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7. Uses M. C. R. Cordeiro,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 7. Uses (RH), before finall
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7. Uses Seeds contain a red
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 7. Uses also be extracted f
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.3 Ex
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement 9.1
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement the
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement a sh
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Bree
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement cros
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Cult
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Shoo
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.1 Propagati
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 10. Agronomy GA is costly a
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 10. Agronomy is about 1 m t
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-3. A
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 10. Agronomy adult trees ro
Page 98 and 99: Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-4. S
Page 100 and 101: Chapter 10. Agronomy methods (whip
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.2 Field est
Page 104 and 105: Plate 1. Purple skinned sugar apple
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 10. Agronomy Plate 5. Small
Page 108 and 109: Figure 10-8. Planting system accord
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 10. Agronomy atemoya ‘Afr
Page 112 and 113: Chapter 10. Agronomy approx. 120°
Page 114 and 115: Chapter 10. Agronomy branches above
Page 116 and 117: Chapter 10. Agronomy occurs in Janu
Page 118 and 119: Chapter 10. Agronomy (1970) found t
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 10. Agronomy (Grossberger,
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 10. Agronomy Tree Age N g o
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 10. Agronomy values. This s
Page 126 and 127: Chapter 10. Agronomy the apical lea
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 10. Agronomy fertilization
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 10. Agronomy quality. The f
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-13.
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.3.7.1 Pests
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Chapter 10. Agronomy control this p
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Chapter 10. Agronomy cycle. Given t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Common Name Sp
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Brown rot (Rhi
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Chapter 11. Harvest, Postharvest an
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing Co
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing ne
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing in
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing de
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing sc
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Chapter 12. Economic Information A.
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information am
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Chapter 12. Economic Information an
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Chapter 12. Economic Information Pa
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Chapter 13. Conclusions However, th
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Better m
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Annona s
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References Aiyelaagbe I. O. O. (199
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References Beneto J. R., Rodriguez
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References Caparros-Lefebvre D., El
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References Cortés D., Myint S. H.,
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References Farooqi A. A., Parvatika
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References Fuster C. and Prestamo G
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References Hartmann H. T., Kester D
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References Idstein H., Herres W. an
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References Kosiyachinda S. and Youn
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References Lizana L. A. and Reginat
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References Moreno Andrade R., Luna
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References Nonfon M., Lieb F., Moes
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References Perfectti F. (1995) Estu
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References Popenoe W. (1974 b) “T
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References Saavedra E. (1977) “In
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References [Portuguese] In: Anais d
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References Viñas R. C. (1972) “A
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References Yu Jing-Guang, Gui Hua-Q
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Appendix A. Compounds References A.
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Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix C. Institutions and Indivi
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Appendix C. 3740 Bilzen Belgium Agr
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Appendix C. Lemos, E. E.P. Departam
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Appendix C. Saavedra E. Faculdad de
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Appendix C. Cuba Cuba Payo A. Depar
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Appendix C. Ortega C. Instituto Nac
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Appendix C. Italy Parri G. Dipartim
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Appendix C. MÉXICO Abraján Herná
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Appendix C. Especialidad de Fruticu
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Appendix C. Cuernavaca, Morelos Mé
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Appendix C. PERÚ Duarte O. Departa
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Appendix C. Molecular, Universidad
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Appendix C. United Kingdom United K
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Appendix D. Countries and Instituti
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Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. ECUADOR 1. Centro Andin
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Appendix D. GERMANY Greenhouse for
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Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. Lowlands Agriculture Ex
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Appendix D. PUERTO RICO Agricultura
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Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Glossary A abcission - The normal s
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Glossary C caducous - falling off e
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Glossary epigynous - borne on or ar
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Glossary lanceolate - shaped like a
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Glossary pistil - the seed-bearing
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Glossary T tetraploid - having 4 se
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Index Chile, 4, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27,
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Index whip-and-tongue, 82, 83 Guana
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Index storage, 42, 44, 51, 107, 123
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