Annona Species Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 2.1 General A. C. de Q. Pinto The number of genera and species in the family Annonaceae is still debated. Bailey (1949) affirmed that Annonaceae has 46 genera and between 500 and 600 species, while Fries (1959), cited by Geurts (1981), affirmed that it contains 119 genera and over 2,000 species. Popenoe (1974 a) described the family as having 40 to 50 genera and more than 500 species, most of which are shrubs and small trees. A limited number of species produce edible fruits, including many gathered from the wild, and some that have been domesticated (Ochse et al., 1974). Most of the species are found in the tropics, with only a few genera present in the temperate zone. According to Geurts (1981), of the 119 species described in the genus Annona, 109 are native to tropical America and 10 to tropical Africa. All of the domesticated species are American, while one African species (A. senegalensis) is probably in the process of domestication. 2.2 Specific and common names The names of the five annona species dealt with in this monograph are presented in Table 2.1. The number of common names is large for some of the species, and they need to be used with caution because some names may be applied to two or more species in different countries, or even in different regions of the same country. Clearly therefore, the botanical descriptions are essential for extensionists, students and growers to distinguish one species from another. The relevant botanical details of the species are outlined in section 2.3 below. Mistaken identities among botanically similar annonas are relatively frequent. For instance, atemoya (a hybrid between cherimoya and sugar apple) was mistakenly called custard apple for many years (Morton, 1987), when this name more properly relates to A. reticulata. Custard apple is sometimes confused with A. glabra, and A. montana has been confused by some Brazilian growers with A. muricata. Key botanical literature includes 3
Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Bailey (1949), Geurts (1981), Léon (1987), Ochse et al. (1974), Pinto and Silva (1996) and Popenoe (1974 a, b). Table 2-1. Botanical or specific, common and vernacular names and their synonyms of the five Annona species studied Botanical Synonyms Common Other common names A. cherimola Mill. A. tripetala Aiton, A. pubescens Salisb. Cherimolia, Cherimoya Cherimoya, anona del Peru, chirimoyo del Peru, catuche, momora (Spanish), chérimolier (French), cherimoya, cherimoyer, annona, custard apple (English), honumanaphala (Kannada), lakshamanphal (India), noina ostrelia (Thai), anon (Spanish, Guatemala), cherimólia, anona do Chile, cabeça de negro (Portuguese), cerimolia (Italian), chirimoyabaum, peruanischer flaschenbaum, flachsbaum (German) A. muricata L. A. muricata L. A. bonplandiana Kunth.; A. cearensis Barb. Rodr.; A. macrocarpa Werckle; A. muricata var.borinquensis Morales; Guanabanus muricatus Gómez A. reticulata L. A. excelsa Kunth; A. laevis Kunth; A. longifolia Moc. and Sessé; A. riparia Soursop Custard apple Guanábana (Spanish), corossolier (French), zuurzak (German), munolla (India), mulluseeta, pullupala (Tamil), mullu ramaphala (Kannada), mullanchakka, vilathinura (Malayalan), graviola (Portuguese), durian belanda (Malaysian), mamon (Spanish, Philippines) Bullock's heart, corazon (English), condessa e coração-de-boi (Portuguese), buah nona (Indonesian), 4
Page 2 and 3: Annona species Authors : A. C. de Q
Page 4 and 5: DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Abbreviations ...
Page 8 and 9: 11.5 Processing....................
Page 10 and 11: 10-9. A guide for phosphorus fertil
Page 12 and 13: 12-1. Commercialization channels fo
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgement Acknowledgements An
Page 16 and 17: Preface Increasing demand for exoti
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1. Introduction A. C. de Q.
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Bota
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany the
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Figu
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany tree
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany cont
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 4. A
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany open
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 4. Major and Minor Producti
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors Cheri
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors frequ
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors annon
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 6. Properties M. C. R. Cord
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6. Properties 1997). The mo
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 6. Properties These compoun
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7. Uses M. C. R. Cordeiro,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 7. Uses (RH), before finall
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7. Uses Seeds contain a red
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 7. Uses also be extracted f
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.3 Ex
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Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement 9.1
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement the
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement a sh
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Bree
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement cros
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement In s
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Cult
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Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Shoo
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.1 Propagati
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Chapter 10. Agronomy GA is costly a
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Chapter 10. Agronomy is about 1 m t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-3. A
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Chapter 10. Agronomy adult trees ro
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-4. S
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Chapter 10. Agronomy methods (whip
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.2 Field est
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Plate 1. Purple skinned sugar apple
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Plate 5. Small
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Figure 10-8. Planting system accord
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Chapter 10. Agronomy atemoya ‘Afr
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Chapter 10. Agronomy approx. 120°
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Chapter 10. Agronomy branches above
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Chapter 10. Agronomy occurs in Janu
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (1970) found t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (Grossberger,
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Tree Age N g o
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Chapter 10. Agronomy values. This s
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Chapter 10. Agronomy the apical lea
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Chapter 10. Agronomy fertilization
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Chapter 10. Agronomy quality. The f
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-13.
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.3.7.1 Pests
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Chapter 10. Agronomy control this p
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Chapter 10. Agronomy cycle. Given t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Common Name Sp
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Brown rot (Rhi
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Chapter 11. Harvest, Postharvest an
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing Co
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing ne
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing in
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing de
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing sc
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Chapter 12. Economic Information A.
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information am
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Chapter 12. Economic Information an
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Chapter 12. Economic Information Pa
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Chapter 13. Conclusions However, th
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Better m
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Annona s
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References Aiyelaagbe I. O. O. (199
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References Beneto J. R., Rodriguez
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References Caparros-Lefebvre D., El
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References Cortés D., Myint S. H.,
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References Farooqi A. A., Parvatika
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References Fuster C. and Prestamo G
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References Hartmann H. T., Kester D
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References Idstein H., Herres W. an
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References Kosiyachinda S. and Youn
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References Lizana L. A. and Reginat
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References Moreno Andrade R., Luna
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References Nonfon M., Lieb F., Moes
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References Perfectti F. (1995) Estu
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References Popenoe W. (1974 b) “T
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References Saavedra E. (1977) “In
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References [Portuguese] In: Anais d
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References Viñas R. C. (1972) “A
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References Yu Jing-Guang, Gui Hua-Q
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Appendix A. Compounds References A.
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Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix C. Institutions and Indivi
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Appendix C. 3740 Bilzen Belgium Agr
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Appendix C. Lemos, E. E.P. Departam
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Appendix C. Saavedra E. Faculdad de
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Appendix C. Cuba Cuba Payo A. Depar
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Appendix C. Ortega C. Instituto Nac
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Appendix C. Italy Parri G. Dipartim
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Appendix C. MÉXICO Abraján Herná
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Appendix C. Especialidad de Fruticu
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Appendix C. Cuernavaca, Morelos Mé
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Appendix C. PERÚ Duarte O. Departa
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Appendix C. Molecular, Universidad
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Appendix C. United Kingdom United K
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Appendix D. Countries and Instituti
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Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. ECUADOR 1. Centro Andin
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Appendix D. GERMANY Greenhouse for
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Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. Lowlands Agriculture Ex
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Appendix D. PUERTO RICO Agricultura
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Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Glossary A abcission - The normal s
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Glossary C caducous - falling off e
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Glossary epigynous - borne on or ar
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Glossary lanceolate - shaped like a
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Glossary pistil - the seed-bearing
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Glossary T tetraploid - having 4 se
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Index Chile, 4, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27,
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Index whip-and-tongue, 82, 83 Guana
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Index storage, 42, 44, 51, 107, 123
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