Annona Species Monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Chapter 5. Ecological Factors annona requires around 6 months for fruit development (Pinto, A.C.Q., Embrapa Cerrados, July 2003, personal communication). Custard apple matures in Florida during late winter and early spring (dry to wet season) (Mowry et al., 1941). In Mexico, its flowering occurs in the transition from the wet to the dry season (August to November) and fruiting is in the dry season (March to April). In Tanzania (5° South), wild soursop flowers during the beginning of the wet season (October to December), and along the coast in the wet season (December to February), while fruit maturity occurs during the rainy season (the peak of rain is in April) (FAO, 1983). In western and eastern Tanzania, fruiting takes place in the wet season, in western Tanzania from December to March and in eastern Tanzania from March to May. In Florida, the sugar apple fruiting season begins in mid summer (wet season); its ripening is irregular, lasting 3 months (Mowry et al., 1941). In the Philippines (15-20° North), fruiting occurs during the beginning of the rainy season (summer). In India (10-22.5° North), fruiting also occurs in the wet season (August to mid September) and can occur from October to November (the end of the wet season) (Coronel, 1994). In Mexico, flowering occurs at the end of the dry season (March to May) and fruiting at the end of the wet season (September to November). In Brazil (Brasília), flowering occurs at the end of the dry season (March to May) and fruiting in the wet season (December to January). In Brasília, flowering can be induced in the wet season (December) and to fruiting in the dry season (May) (Pinto, A.C. de Q., Embrapa Cerrados, July 2003, personal communication). 33
Chapter 5. Ecological Factors Table 5-1. A quick reference guide to monthly rainfall (mm) in some important Annona production areas Location Species grown Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Spain (Málaga) Cherimoya 203 203 178 229 152 76 25 25 76 203 229 229 Florida (Miami) Soursop, sugar apple, custard 51 53 61 76 150 224 152 198 216 178 79 46 apple Caribbean Cherimoya, soursop, sugar 76 56 58 94 155 112 114 135 135 140 147 119 (Puerto Rico) apple, custard apple Mexico (Mexico City) Cherimoya, soursop, sugar 8 5 13 20 48 107 130 122 109 43 15 8 apple, custard apple India (Mumbai) Sugar apple, cuatard apple 0 0 0 0 13 566 650 488 356 89 5 0 Ecuador (Quito) Cherimoya 114 130 152 175 124 48 20 25 79 130 109 104 Peru (Lima) Cherimoya 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 3 3 3 0 0 Brazil (Brasilia) Soursop, sugar apple 553 457 457 305 152 50 50 76 203 406 533 610 Tanzania (Dar-es-Salaam) Wild soursop 71 64 130 269 183 33 28 25 28 48 84 94 During the wet season the average precipitation is 203 mm in Málaga, 159 mm in Miami, 114 mm in Puerto Rico, 4 mm in Lima, 83 mm in Mexico City, 471 mm in Brasilia, 130 mm in Quito, 310 mm in Mumbai and 128 mm in Dar-es-Salaam. 34
Page 2 and 3: Annona species Authors : A. C. de Q
Page 4 and 5: DFID/FRP and DISCLAIMERS This publi
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Abbreviations ...
Page 8 and 9: 11.5 Processing....................
Page 10 and 11: 10-9. A guide for phosphorus fertil
Page 12 and 13: 12-1. Commercialization channels fo
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgement Acknowledgements An
Page 16 and 17: Preface Increasing demand for exoti
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1. Introduction A. C. de Q.
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 2.1
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Bota
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany the
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany Figu
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany tree
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany cont
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany 4. A
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Botany open
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3. Origin and Distribution
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 4. Major and Minor Producti
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors Cheri
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5. Ecological Factors frequ
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 6. Properties M. C. R. Cord
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6. Properties 1997). The mo
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 6. Properties These compoun
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7. Uses M. C. R. Cordeiro,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 7. Uses (RH), before finall
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7. Uses Seeds contain a red
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 7. Uses also be extracted f
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.3 Ex
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources Table
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement 9.1
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement the
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement a sh
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Bree
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement cros
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement In s
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Cult
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 9. Genetic Improvement Shoo
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.1 Propagati
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 10. Agronomy GA is costly a
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 10. Agronomy is about 1 m t
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-3. A
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 10. Agronomy adult trees ro
Page 98 and 99: Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-4. S
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Chapter 10. Agronomy methods (whip
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.2 Field est
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Plate 1. Purple skinned sugar apple
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Plate 5. Small
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Figure 10-8. Planting system accord
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Chapter 10. Agronomy atemoya ‘Afr
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Chapter 10. Agronomy approx. 120°
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Chapter 10. Agronomy branches above
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Chapter 10. Agronomy occurs in Janu
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (1970) found t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy (Grossberger,
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Tree Age N g o
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Chapter 10. Agronomy values. This s
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Chapter 10. Agronomy the apical lea
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Chapter 10. Agronomy fertilization
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Chapter 10. Agronomy quality. The f
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Figure 10-13.
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Chapter 10. Agronomy 10.3.7.1 Pests
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Chapter 10. Agronomy control this p
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Chapter 10. Agronomy cycle. Given t
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Common Name Sp
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Chapter 10. Agronomy Brown rot (Rhi
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Chapter 11. Harvest, Postharvest an
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing Co
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing ne
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing in
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing de
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Chapter 11. Harvest & Processing sc
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Chapter 12. Economic Information A.
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information In
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Chapter 12. Economic Information am
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Chapter 12. Economic Information an
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Chapter 12. Economic Information Pa
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Chapter 13. Conclusions However, th
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Better m
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Chapter 13. Conclusions b) Annona s
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References Aiyelaagbe I. O. O. (199
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References Beneto J. R., Rodriguez
Page 178 and 179:
References Caparros-Lefebvre D., El
Page 180 and 181:
References Cortés D., Myint S. H.,
Page 182 and 183:
References Farooqi A. A., Parvatika
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References Fuster C. and Prestamo G
Page 186 and 187:
References Hartmann H. T., Kester D
Page 188 and 189:
References Idstein H., Herres W. an
Page 190 and 191:
References Kosiyachinda S. and Youn
Page 192 and 193:
References Lizana L. A. and Reginat
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References Moreno Andrade R., Luna
Page 196 and 197:
References Nonfon M., Lieb F., Moes
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References Perfectti F. (1995) Estu
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References Popenoe W. (1974 b) “T
Page 202 and 203:
References Saavedra E. (1977) “In
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References [Portuguese] In: Anais d
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References Viñas R. C. (1972) “A
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References Yu Jing-Guang, Gui Hua-Q
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Appendix A. Compounds References A.
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Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix B. Appendix B. Human Bioac
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Appendix C. Institutions and Indivi
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Appendix C. 3740 Bilzen Belgium Agr
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Appendix C. Lemos, E. E.P. Departam
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Appendix C. Saavedra E. Faculdad de
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Appendix C. Cuba Cuba Payo A. Depar
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Appendix C. Ortega C. Instituto Nac
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Appendix C. Italy Parri G. Dipartim
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Appendix C. MÉXICO Abraján Herná
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Appendix C. Especialidad de Fruticu
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Appendix C. Cuernavaca, Morelos Mé
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Appendix C. PERÚ Duarte O. Departa
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Appendix C. Molecular, Universidad
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Appendix C. United Kingdom United K
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Appendix D. Countries and Instituti
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. ECUADOR 1. Centro Andin
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Appendix D. GERMANY Greenhouse for
Page 256 and 257:
Appendix D. Details of Holdings Tax
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Appendix D. Lowlands Agriculture Ex
Page 260 and 261:
Appendix D. PUERTO RICO Agricultura
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Appendix D. Taxon Sample Sample Typ
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Glossary A abcission - The normal s
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Glossary C caducous - falling off e
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Glossary epigynous - borne on or ar
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Glossary lanceolate - shaped like a
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Glossary pistil - the seed-bearing
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Glossary T tetraploid - having 4 se
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Index Chile, 4, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27,
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Index whip-and-tongue, 82, 83 Guana
Page 280:
Index storage, 42, 44, 51, 107, 123
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