Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok

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proportionately smaller share and poorer ones a greater share, up to some limit established in policy. To illustrate, suppose that the Government sets the maximum per pupil amount subject to sharing at 50,000 Baht per pupil. The percentage of the 50,000 per pupil that the Government pays for any school could be determined by a sliding scale-type formula, based on, say, the fiscal capacity of the highest quartile of authorities involved (as measured by income per capita, property wealth per student, proportion of poor students, or similar index). The formula for the per pupil amount for a school could then be expressed as: S = A|(1 - LC/SC)| [cannot be less than zero] Where: S A LC SC is the Central Government’s per pupil subsidy for the local authority involved. is the maximum amount of expenditure for which the Government will share (in this example 50,000 Baht). is the local capacity of the authority for which the calculation is made. is the standard fiscal capacity above which the Government policy is to not share (in this example the fiscal capacity of the highest quartile of authorities). With such a formula, the Government share for very poor (or low capacity/high need) authorities will approach 100 per cent or the standard amount, leaving very small amounts to be raised from local resources. The sharing proportion drops to zero for all authorities at or above the highest quartile boundary. By adjusting the standard fiscal capacity measure, the policy makers can adjust the distribution to better meet policy goals. 188
Appendix 8 Program Structure of the Education Budget Sector/Sub-Sector/Program 8. Sector Education 8.1 Sub-Sector: Education Administration 8.1.1 Program: General Education Administration 8.1.2 Program: Primary Education Administration 8.1.3 Program: Secondary Education Administration 8.1.4 Program: Vocational Education Administration 8.1.5 Program: Teacher Education Administration 8.1.6 Program: Non-Formal Education Administration 8.1.7 Program: Religious, Art, and Cultural Administration 8.1.8 Program: Higher Education Administration 8.2 Sub-Sector: Education Service 8.2.1 Program: Pre-Primary Education Service 8.2.2 Program: Primary Education Service 8.2.3 Program: Secondary Education Service 8.2.4 Program: Vocational Education Service 8.2.5 Program: Teacher Education Service 8.2.6 Program: Non-Formal Education Service 8.2.7 Program: Higher Education Service 8.2.8 Program: Education for the Disabled and Lack-of-Schooling Children 8.3 Sub-Sector: Educational Quality Improvement 8.3.1 Program: Primary Education Quality Improvement 8.3.2 Program: Secondary Education Quality Improvement 8.3.3 Program: Vocational Education Quality Improvement 8.3.4 Program: Non-Formal Education Quality Improvement 8.3.5 Program: Higher Education Quality improvement 8.3.6 Program: Health Promotion 8.4 Sub-Sector: Fine Arts, Cultural, and Behavioral Study Promotion 8.4.1 Program: Behavioral Study Promotion 8.4.2 Program: Religion, Fine Arts, and Cultural Promotion 8.5 Sub-Sector: Research 8,5.1 Program: Research for Higher Education 8.6 Sub-Sector: Academic Service for Public 8,6.1 Program: Academic Service for Public 8.7 Sub-Sector: Student Affairs 8.7.1 Program: Student Affairs Source: Thailand’s Budget in Brief, Fiscal Year 1997. 189
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- Volume II/3 - Educational Finance
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Table of Contents A. Executive Summ
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Table of Tables Table 1 Adjustments
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Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figur
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Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony.
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mission and operations. The term
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The information requirements for fi
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Description and assessment of compu
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Table 3: Existing computer systems
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Table 3: Continued Current existing
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Description of flows of financial i
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(teachers, facilities, etc) if data
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Table 4: Continued. Content of curr
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Table 5: Assessment of information
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Page 147 and 148: general administration, these syste
Page 149 and 150: Recommendation for IS Most involved
Page 151 and 152: 6. The nation wide implementation.
Page 153 and 154: References Office of the permanent
Page 155 and 156: Office of private education commiss
Page 157 and 158: Interviews 10 September 1998, 9:00-
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 2 Projections of Costs of
Page 161 and 162: Projected Cost Increases for Expand
Page 163 and 164: Identification of Schools for Sampl
Page 165 and 166: 8. Please place an X in a box below
Page 167 and 168: enrollment as a whole growing at an
Page 169 and 170: Figure 1: Thailand’s Development
Page 171 and 172: Table 5: Crude transition rates of
Page 173 and 174: and level of education, 1993 and 19
Page 175 and 176: 2.31 Questionable quality of educat
Page 177 and 178: income inequality between agricultu
Page 179 and 180: 4.1.4. The percentages calculated f
Page 181 and 182: Table 11: Public and Private sector
Page 183 and 184: 4.3.8. As would be expected, unempl
Page 185 and 186: 5.7 The dilemma is to balance the s
Page 187 and 188: Table 14: Unemployment and Underemp
Page 189 and 190: there any activities that would be
Page 191 and 192: References Chalongphob Sussangkarn
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 6 BMA Voucher Policy A. Lo
Page 195: Appendix 7 Finance Allocation Metho
Page 199 and 200: Not all possible flows are show, si
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 11 Results of Regression A
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Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok

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