Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok
Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok
Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
F<strong>in</strong>al Report, Volume II/3 Anthony. Cresswell: <strong>Educational</strong> <strong>F<strong>in</strong>ance</strong> <strong>UNESCO</strong>-PROAP TA 2996-THA<br />
Education Management and <strong>F<strong>in</strong>ance</strong> Study July 1999<br />
levels for the public and private basic education levels are roughly comparable,<br />
with the largest difference between the primary levels, with the private level be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
approximately 26 per cent above the private, and the Upper secondary private<br />
about six per cent below the public. However, the total expenditure levels do not<br />
give a complete picture. The recurrent expenditure levels <strong>in</strong> the public schools are<br />
considerably above the private schools, with the reverse be<strong>in</strong>g true <strong>in</strong> the capital<br />
expense category. The capital expense levels are roughly equal to the recurrent<br />
expense <strong>in</strong> the private schools, an unusually high proportion for basic education.<br />
This is most likely a consequence of lower salary levels <strong>in</strong> the private schools,<br />
greater expense for development and expansion, and possibly higher levels of<br />
expenditure on equipment and other capital goods.<br />
b. The expenditure figures for the private schools are difficult to <strong>in</strong>terpret due to<br />
the variation <strong>in</strong> the reputation and overall expenditure levels <strong>in</strong> this sector. Those<br />
familiar with the private schools report large variation <strong>in</strong> the academic quality,<br />
reputation, and resources available. Some elite private schools have very high perpupil<br />
expenditure levels, while other private schools have resources well below<br />
the mean for public schools. The evidence on pupil/teacher ratios <strong>in</strong> the public<br />
schools suggests that the variations among the public schools can be substantial as<br />
well. Therefore the relatively close comparisons between public and private<br />
schools shown here may be mislead<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> terms of equity and quality<br />
considerations. A more comprehensive analysis of expenditure per head, based on<br />
data from <strong>in</strong>dividual schools, would allow more precise identification of the areas<br />
where low quality and <strong>in</strong>equities may be serious problems. Such data were not<br />
available for this review.<br />
Table 9 - Expenditure per head by level and school type<br />
Current Exp. Capital Exp. Total Exp.<br />
Public Academic per head per head per head<br />
Primary 4,962 1,957 6,919<br />
Secondary: Lower 5,933 3,173 9,106<br />
Upper 8,919 3,643 12,562<br />
Vocational 7,934 7,788 15,722<br />
Diploma<br />
Rajamongkol Institute 11,082 8,925 20,007<br />
Teacher College 12,943 14,870 27,813<br />
Baccalauriate<br />
Rajamongkol Institute 13,567 9,745 23,312<br />
Teachers College (2 yr) 5,319 8,571 13,890<br />
Teachers College (4 yr) 10,592 7,657 18,249<br />
Closed University 31,443 30,888 62,331<br />
Open University 3,943 2,586 6,529<br />
Private Academic<br />
Primary 3,892 4,821 8,713<br />
Lower Secondary 4,613 4,751 9,364<br />
Upper Secondary 5,993 5,817 11,810<br />
Private University 5,648 4,222 9,870<br />
Source: ONEC, School <strong>F<strong>in</strong>ance</strong> Study, 1992<br />
59