Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok

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Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony. Cresswell: Educational Finance UNESCO-PROAP TA 2996-THA Education Management and Finance Study July 1999 Figure 14 - Private higher education expenditure by type of institution Private Expenditure on Higher Education by Type of Institution 1997 Survey 90,000 80,000 Average Expenditure 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 Tot. Exp. Tuit. & Fees 10,000 0 MUA Rajabhat RIT Private Total Institution b. The proportion of tuition to total private expenditure for higher education is shown in Figure 14 above. The tuition proportion is generally higher than that for basic education expenditure, which would be expected. It is also noteworthy that the amount of non-tuition expenses increases with the tuition level. To the degree that these expenses are more discretionary than tuition, this pattern suggests that those who can afford higher tuition have preferences for greater outlays on other expenses as well. This has similar equity implications as the related observation for basic education above. 2.3.2. Private Expenditure and Equity a. The high level of private expenditure on education has important implication for the pursuit of the Government’s equity goals. Some implications arise out of the equity impacts of current funding and expenditure patterns. In general these patterns indicate that the private burden of educational financing falls more heavily on lower income households and lower income areas of the country. Therefore it appears that the current system has elements that could be improved in terms of equity of the financial burden. Increasing the role of private expenditure in the overall financing of education should therefore be done in ways that reduce or eliminate as many as possible of the inequitable elements that appear in the current system. b. The private costs of education occupy a much larger proportion of household income for the poor households than for the richer ones, as would be expected. A comparison of expenses to income for the basic education survey is shown in Figure 15 below. For the three highest income groups the expenditure for basic education is approximately 10 per cent or less of total family income, even for private schooling. For the lowest income groups the proportion rises to as much as 70 per cent for the total expense of private schooling. As would be expected, the burden of expenses for private education exceed that for public by substantial 66
Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony. Cresswell: Educational Finance UNESCO-PROAP TA 2996-THA Education Management and Finance Study July 1999 proportions, even at the low percentages for the high income groups. But it is important to note that the expenses for the highly subsidized public schools impose a substantial burden on the lowest income group; for the lowest group, the cost of public schooling exceeds 20 per cent of total income. Figure 15 - Expenses as a per cent of family income by income groups Expenses as a Per Cent of Family Income by Income Groups Public v. Private Schools 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Less than 3000-6000 3000 Baht Baht 6001- 10,000 Baht 10,001- 20,000 Baht 20,001- 30,000 Baht Over 30,000 Baht Estimated Family Income (Monthly) Total Exp-Public Total Exp-Private Tuition&Fees-Public Tuition&Fees-Private Figure 16 - Expenses as a per cent of income by occupation of parent Expenses as Per Cent of Income by Occupation of Parent Public v. Private Schools 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Farmer & Related Commercial (selfemployed) Employee of Private Firm Govt./State Employee Free Lance Other Occupation Total Exp-Public Total Exp-Private Tuition&Fees-Public Tuition&Fees-Private 67
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- Volume II/3 - Educational Finance
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Table of Contents A. Executive Summ
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Table of Tables Table 1 Adjustments
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Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figur
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Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony.
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Page 123 and 124: mission and operations. The term
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The information requirements for fi
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Description and assessment of compu
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Table 3: Existing computer systems
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Table 3: Continued Current existing
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Description of flows of financial i
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(teachers, facilities, etc) if data
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Table 4: Continued. Content of curr
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Table 5: Assessment of information
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An assessment of information system
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general administration, these syste
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Recommendation for IS Most involved
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6. The nation wide implementation.
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References Office of the permanent
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Office of private education commiss
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Interviews 10 September 1998, 9:00-
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Appendix 2 Projections of Costs of
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Projected Cost Increases for Expand
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Identification of Schools for Sampl
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8. Please place an X in a box below
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enrollment as a whole growing at an
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Figure 1: Thailand’s Development
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Table 5: Crude transition rates of
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and level of education, 1993 and 19
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2.31 Questionable quality of educat
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income inequality between agricultu
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4.1.4. The percentages calculated f
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Table 11: Public and Private sector
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4.3.8. As would be expected, unempl
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5.7 The dilemma is to balance the s
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Table 14: Unemployment and Underemp
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there any activities that would be
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References Chalongphob Sussangkarn
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Appendix 6 BMA Voucher Policy A. Lo
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Appendix 7 Finance Allocation Metho
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Appendix 8 Program Structure of the
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Not all possible flows are show, si
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Appendix 11 Results of Regression A
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Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok

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