Educational Finance in Thailand - UNESCO Bangkok

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Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony. Cresswell: Educational Finance UNESCO-PROAP TA 2996-THA Education Management and Finance Study July 1999 Figure 4 - Actual and planned private school enrollment 1997-98 Actual and Planned Private School Enrollments 1997-98 700,000 Number of Students 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Pre-Primary Primary Lower Secondary Upper Secondary '97 Actual '98 Plan '98 Actual d. The number of students owing tuition to the schools has also risen appreciably in the recent crisis period. The average amount owed by students is shown in Figure 5 below, and the number of students owing money to the schools is shown in. Figure 6. Figure 5 - Average amount owed by private school students, 1997 and 1998 Average Amount Owed by Private School Students, 1997 & 1998 Average Owed (Baht) 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1997 1998 Pre-Primary Primary Lower Secondary Upper Secondary 28
Final Report, Volume II/3 Anthony. Cresswell: Educational Finance UNESCO-PROAP TA 2996-THA Education Management and Finance Study July 1999 Figure 6 - Number of private school students owing money, 1997 and 1998 Number of Private School Students Owing Money 1997 & 1998 250,000 Number of Students 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Pre-Primary Primary Lower Secondary Upper Secondary 1997 1998 e. The average amounts owed by upper secondary school students is quite large, in spite of their small numbers, due to the higher tuition and fees involved at that level of the education system. Although comparable figures are not available for the public schools, there is every reason to believe that the nature of the financial impact is at least as severe in that sector. f. These indicators from Figure 2 and Figure 3 show that the relative magnitude of the initial crisis in Thailand was very serious, exceeded by a significant margin only in Indonesia. However, the more recent trends suggest that the recovery in Thailand may be somewhat more rapid than in nearby countries. The proportional rebound in both currency and asset values for Thailand was greater than for any Asian country except Korea, and appears to be maintaining that pattern. The value of the Baht dropped to 55/$1US in 1998, but has been trading at approximately 36-38/$1US during the first quarter of 1999. However the effects on the population and on the educational system cannot be expect to dissipate rapidly. Therefore the need for appropriate reform measures remains strong. 1.3. Implications of the financial crisis for educational finance 1.3.1. Main themes a. The implications of the financial crisis for educational finance can be described in terms of three basic themes. One is the strain the crisis places on Government resources, reducing the amount available for direct support of education. A second is the impact of the crisis on individual and households income, reducing their ability to afford the costs of education. The third theme is the relationship of the crisis and its effects with the Government’s current educational finance reform initiatives. In relation to the first theme, it has been necessary for the Government 29
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mission and operations. The term
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The information requirements for fi
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Table 1: Continued Dept. Flow of Re
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Description and assessment of compu
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Table 3: Existing computer systems
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Table 3: Continued Current existing
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Description of flows of financial i
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(teachers, facilities, etc) if data
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Table 4: Continued. Content of curr
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Table 5: Assessment of information
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An assessment of information system
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general administration, these syste
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Recommendation for IS Most involved
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6. The nation wide implementation.
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References Office of the permanent
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Office of private education commiss
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Interviews 10 September 1998, 9:00-
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Appendix 2 Projections of Costs of
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Projected Cost Increases for Expand
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Identification of Schools for Sampl
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8. Please place an X in a box below
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enrollment as a whole growing at an
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Figure 1: Thailand’s Development
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Table 5: Crude transition rates of
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and level of education, 1993 and 19
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2.31 Questionable quality of educat
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income inequality between agricultu
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4.1.4. The percentages calculated f
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Table 11: Public and Private sector
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4.3.8. As would be expected, unempl
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5.7 The dilemma is to balance the s
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Table 14: Unemployment and Underemp
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there any activities that would be
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References Chalongphob Sussangkarn
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Appendix 6 BMA Voucher Policy A. Lo
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Appendix 7 Finance Allocation Metho
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Appendix 8 Program Structure of the
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Not all possible flows are show, si
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Appendix 11 Results of Regression A
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