Income-Generating Activities - Action Against Hunger

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CHAPTER 4: INCOME GENERATION PROGRAMMES SUMMARY • The activities developed during IGA support programmes are very diverse. They are planned in relation to the main limitations of the target population. • The criteria used to select beneficiaries refer to vulnerability levels, capacity to work, and motivation. Participation must be voluntary. • The training and education components can include the creation of business plans, technical knowledge regarding management, commercialization, and in the case of group work, definition of internal regulations. • <strong>Income</strong> generation programmes aim to find suitable solutions to facilitate the access to productive assets or cash, to improve production techniques and/or increase the sale of the products or services. This chapter details some of the activities developed in income generation programmes. Not all of these steps have to be taken in every context or intervention, nor do they have to follow a certain order; the typology proposed will give an idea of those suited to each situation. I. PRESENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME The participatory process initiated during the identification and formulation phase will be strengthened the more that information is spread and understood. If we want to encourage the ownership of the programme by the community, we must maintain a constant flow of information during the entire project cycle. In addition to mandatory regular meetings it is advisable to use other methods to ensure a good flow of information. It is possible to decide on a place within the community with easy access where the information can be regularly updated, or another possibility is the radio, as in many countries it is the form of communication most often used. The transmission of radio announcements related to the programme activities is often an effective method for people to become familiar with the work being carried out. Proximity to the population and presence in the field will continue to be the best route for an effective sharing of information. The presentation of the programme, the way in which it is carried out, the techniques used, and the public to which it is directed, will depend, once again, on the INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES: A KEY CONCEPT IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURTIY 49
➔ context in which the programme is working. The security context will also play an important role in determining how to present the programme. Before the general presentation, the local authorities should be informed about the initiation of the programme. With their agreement, the project can be presented, sharing the established objectives, the intervention logic and the estimated duration with the communities. In case that ACF has not worked in the community in the past, a minimum level of trust should be build up in order to start the project. When the population has already participated in a programme with ACF and when substantial changes in the intervention strategy have been made, it would not be a waste of time to verify if the population has understood the programme, if they know about the new procedures and the new focus. Some time must be assigned for these activities in the project plan. Potentially sensitive aspects, such as the criteria and methods of beneficiary selection, should be explained and discussed with the goal of arriving at an agreement and avoiding tensions between the community members. II. THE BENEFICIARIES AND THE IGA The preliminary assessment should have already identified the potential and the limitations of the zone of intervention and the problems that the vulnerable population faces in order to start up IGA or to get better results from IGA. However, some additional or specific market studies may still be needed to complement the information. II.I. The selection of beneficiaries The information gathered in the assessments and the objectives of the programme should lead to the definition of the beneficiary selection criteria. The criteria should not be limited only to indicators of vulnerability and food insecurity, but also include the capacities (such as capital) that are indispensable for developing IGA. Motivation will also be a key criterion. The most common types of criteria include the following: • Social criteria: — Families with a determined structure — Women — Displaced people or refugees — Do not receive support from other organisations • Loss of productive and non productive assets (specific for recapitalization programmes) 50 INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES: A KEY CONCEPT IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURTIY
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