Income-Generating Activities - Action Against Hunger

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Field handbook • Scientific and Technical Department • Availability of capital and some minimal income (more for programmes to improve output or for creation of new IGA) • The will to participate in financial terms in the IGA (for programmes to improve output or to create new activities) • Ability to work, motivation to develop an IGA • Knowledge or experience in technical aspects related to the activity • Motivation to work in a group (in the case that the intervention is at this level) In the case that work is going to be carried out with already existing groups, as well as ensuring that the members meet the criteria, some requirements can be established for the groups. These may deal with the work that is done together, the aim of the group or the technical knowledge needed within the group. It is recommended to work with IGA in small groups of maximum 15 to 20 people. When a group is going to be created, it is best if the individuals forming it know each other, that they have relationships of trust between them and that they share certain interests. We should base our work on local initiatives, supporting processes of association that come from internal efforts, always keeping in mind that they must promote the participation of vulnerable people and improve their living conditions and food security. The preliminary list of criteria should be presented to the local authorities and the community. Leave open the possibility of receiving suggestions that could be useful, even though they will have to first be evaluated. Once the criteria are agreed upon, the selection process can begin, by informing the communities about the requirements under which this will be carried out and the various stages of the process. It may be helpful to use preliminary lists of the population that meet the established criteria compiled by local authorities, especially in cases where the intervention will be on the household level. However, in some contexts the local authorities can use these programmes and the selection of beneficiaries to gain political support and power. This type of risk should be taken into account and the methodology designed in a way in which the misuse of these processes is avoided. The information regarding the population interested in the programme, their situation and the activities that they want to re-start, strengthen or create, will be necessary to verify. It will also serve as baseline information about the beneficiaries 15 . Data compilation and the creation of files could either be carried out by team members through the use of questionnaires during interviews with candidates, or the people or groups interested in the programme could present their file. In this last case, it will be necessary to hand out a specific format and explain how to fill out the form and verification of the information in the field will have to be done. 15 Chapter 5 details the elaboration of a baseline. INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES: A KEY CONCEPT IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURTIY 51
➔ Once the information is analyzed, the fulfillment of the criteria and the economic viability of the proposed activities are verified, a definitive list of beneficiaries can be created and shared. From this moment, the beneficiaries should have access to information about the different activities that will be developed and the conditions of the support to be offered by the programme. The mechanisms for the operation of the IGA should be formulated together with the beneficiaries. Example 13: Flexible process of beneficiary selection in Armenia, 2005 The first phase of promotion of IGA in Syunik, in the south of Armenia, involved the creation and support of new groups of vulnerable households proposed by the local authorities. The second phase of the programme expanded and made more flexible the selection criteria for a more economic-oriented focus. With the aim of improving the living standard of men and women through the generation of incomes, three selection criteria were established: People living below the poverty line Capacity to develop the activity Motivation Groups as well as individuals could participate in the programme that was designed in a flexible manner. Private initiatives that benefit the population were welcomed and supported by the intervention. II.II. Training and education, a continual process The training component will have more importance in programmes aimed at improving the output of or creating new IGA than in those that are focused on the recapitalization of activities. When group work will be carried out, other training sessions should be considered with the aim of assuring good functioning of the groups. The information available from the selection process can be a valuable in determining training needs. Additional discussions with the groups are also useful in this process, especially in order to evaluate their level of knowledge and therefore be able to adapt the workshops. Depending on the situation and the intervention, it may be necessary to carry out training in: • Technical aspects related to production, quantity and quality — Agriculture, livestock and fishing 16 — Processing and services 16 More information on these types of trainings can be found in the “Agricultural Rehabilitation” book. 52 INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES: A KEY CONCEPT IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURTIY
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