Photonic crystals in biology - NanoTR-VI

Poster Session, Thursday, June 17Theme F686 - N1123Synthesis And Properties Of Clay-Cellulose-Polyester Nano-Hybrid materialsErkan Bahçe 1 , Süleyman Köytepe 2 and Turgay Seçkin 2 *1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Inonu, Malatya, TR Türkiye 442802 Department of Chemistry, University of Inonu, Malatya, TR Türkiye 44280Abstract-Polyester in which cellulose and clay reinforced particles are uniformly distributed are prepared. Novel hybrid polyester/cellulose/claycomposites are structurally elucidated by means of FTIR, SEM, XRD and thermal analytical techniques. The selected polymer for thecomposites preparation was commercial polyester. The composites were prepared using a mixer. The polyester, cellulose and the variousproportions of clay were mixed at 90 ºC during selected time considered adequate for a homogeneous mixture. The extracted composites werethen dried using the vacuum oven for 24 hours.Recent advances in polymer–clay nanocomposites due to thepioneering work of researchers at Toyota on nylon-6/claynanocomposites have demonstrated an improvement in bothphysical and mechanical properties [1]. Because of thenanoscale structure, polymer–clay nanocomposites possessunique properties which include an improvement inmechanical (modulus, strength, toughness), thermal (thermalstability, decomposition, flammability, coefficient of thermalexpansion), and physical (permeability, optical, dielectric,shrinkage) properties [2]. Nanocomposites have beendemonstrated with many polymers of different polaritiesincluding polystyrene, polycaprolactone, poly(ethylene oxide),poly(butylene terephthalate), polymethylmethacrylate,polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyether, epoxy,polysiloxane, and polyurethane. Similarly, cellulose and othernatural fibres are increasingly being used as reinforcementsfor enhancing the strength and fracture resistance of polymericmatrices because of their low density, low cost, renewabilityand recyclability as well as excellent mechanicalcharacteristics that include flexibility, high specific strengthand high specific modulus [3]. These unique properties areparticularly desirable in applications as composite materialsfor automobiles, armour, sports, and marine industries.Natural fibers can be produced in many types of reinforcementcomposites, such as continuous and discontinuousunidirectional fibers, random orientation of fibers, etc. Bytaking the advantages from those types of reinforcedcomposites such as produced good properties and reduced thefabrication cost, they had been used in the development ofautomotive, packaging and building materials. They can bespun into filaments, thread or rope. They can be used as acomponent of composite materials.Natural fibers are now emerging as viable alternatives toglass fibers either alone or combined in composite materialsfor various applications. The advantages of natural fibers oversynthetic or man-made fibers such as glass are their relativelyhigh stiffness, a desirable property in composites, low density,recyclable, biodegradable, renewable raw materials, and theirrelatively low cost. Besides, natural fibers are expected to giveless health problems for the people producing the composites.Natural fibers do not cause skin irritations and they are notsuspected of causing lung cancer [4]. The disadvantages aretheir relatively high moisture sensitivity and their relativelyhigh variability of diameter and length. The abundance ofnatural fibers combined with the ease of their processability isan attractive feature, which makes it a covetable substitute forsynthetic fibers that are potentially toxic [5].Figure 1. The sutructure of the cellulose (reference should be definedas the square paratheses) [6].Paint on ships, bridges, military vehicles and airplanes mustbe removed from the surfaces in order to allow detail surfacein sections, to perform other works and repair operations, andto keep the weight down to acceptable levels. In the past,chemical have been used for removing paints. Due to thedevelopment of tougher paint systems to meet the increasingdemands of the industry, more aggressive chemical paintstrippers have been developed. These aggressive paintstrippers are very efficient in doing the job, but they arehazardous and toxic to the environment and generate largeamounts of hazardous waste. The present invention is amethod of stripping paint from the painted surface comprisingthe step of cleaning the painted surface with a media(polyester) comprising hard shell pit particles sized between12 mesh and 50 mesh.In this study, the selected polymer for the compositespreparation was commercial polyester, the composites wereprepared using a mixer. The polyester, cellulose and thevarious proportions of clay were mixed at 90 ºC duringselected time considered adequate for a homogeneous mixture.The extracted composites were then dried using the vacuumoven for 24 hours.It is an advantage of the present invention that the paintstripping method generates less toxic waste than most prior artmethods. It is another advantage of the present invention thatthe method is both effective and efficient. Other advantages,features, and objects of the present invention will becomeapparent after one of skill in the art has reviewed thespecification and claims.*Corresponding author: 0Htseckin@inonu.edu.tr[1] L. An, , H.M.Chan, , N.P. Padture, B.R. Lawn, J. Mater. Res. 11,204 (1996)[2] A.K. Bledzki, J. Gassan, Prog. Polym. Sci., 24, 221 (1999)[3] X. Fu, S. Qutubuddin, Mater. Lett. 42, 12 (2000)[4] I. Isik, U. Yilmazer, G. Bayram, Polymer, 44, 6371 (2003)[5] B.Z. Jang, Y.K. Lieu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 3925 (1985)[6] R. Young, Cellulose structure modification and hydrolysis. NewYork: Wiley (1986).6th Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Conference, zmir, 2010 731