HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE - Fichier PDF

20How organizations functionBASIC CONSIDERATIONSThe two factors that determine how an organization functions in relation to itsinternal and external environment are its structure and the processes that operatewithin it. Organizations are also affected by the culture they develop, that is, thevalues and norms that affect behaviour (see Chapter 21).Much has been written to explain how organizations function and the first part ofthis chapter summarizes the various theories of organization. These theories providethe background to the last three sections of the chapter which deal with organizationstructure, types of organizations and organizational processes.The classical schoolORGANIZATION THEORIESThe classical or scientific management school, as represented by Fayol (1916), Taylor(1911) and Urwick (1947), believed in control, order and formality. Organizationsneed to minimize the opportunity for unfortunate and uncontrollable informal relations,leaving room only for the formal ones.