The challenge of HIV/AIDS: Where does agroforestry fit in? - World ...

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94World Agroforestry into the Futureadoption, and reduction of fire hazard ina forest zone: a case study from Lampung,Sumatra, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems65(1): 1–11.Swallow, B.M., D.P. Garrity and M. van Noordwijk2001. The effects of scales, flows andfilters on property rights and collectiveaction in catchment management. WaterPolicy 3(6): 449–455.Tomich, T.P., A.M. Fagi, H. de Foresta, G. Michon,D. Murdiyarso, F. Stolle and M. vanNoordwijk 1998. Indonesia’s fires: smokeas a problem, smoke as a symptom. AgroforestryToday 10(1): 4–7.Tomich, T.P., H. de Foresta, R. Dennis, Q.M. Ketterings,D. Murdiyarso, C. Palm, F. Stolle,S. Suyanto and M. van Noordwijk 2002.Carbon offsets for conservation and developmentin Indonesia? American Journal ofAlternative Agriculture 17(2): 125–137.Tomich, T.P., D. Thomas and M. Van Noordwijk2004. Environmental services and land usechange in Southeast Asia: from recognitionto regulation or reward. Agriculture, Ecosystemsand Environment 104(1): 229–244.Unruh, R.D. 2002. Land dispute resolution inMozambique: evidence and institutions ofagroforestry adoption. In: Meinzen-Dick,R., A. Knox, F. Place and B. Swallow (eds)Innovation in Natural Resource Management:The Role of Property Rights andCollective Action in Developing Countries.Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore, USA, pp. 166–185.van Noordwijk, M., T.P. Tomich, H. de Forestaand G. Michon 1997. To segregate orto integrate? The question of balancebetween production and biodiversity conservationin complex agroforestry systems.Agroforestry Today 9 (1): 6–9.van Noordwijk, M., T.P. Tomich and B. Verbist2001. Negotiation support models forintegrated natural resource managementin tropical forest margins. ConservationEcology 5(2): available online at www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss2/21Venema, D.H. and M. Cisse 2004. Seeing theLight: Adapting to Climate Change withDecentralized Renewable Energy in DevelopingCountries. International Institutefor Sustainable Development (IISD) andClimate Change Knowledge Network,Winnipeg, Canada.WRI 2003. World Resources 2002–2004: Decisionsfor the Earth: Balance, Voice, andPower. United Nations DevelopmentProgramme, United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, World Bank, World ResourcesInstitute, Washington, DC, USA.WWF 1997. Ecotourism in the Forests/Grasslandsof Royal Chitwan National Park,Nepal. Worldwide Fund for Nature: availableonline at http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/bcn/projects/chitwan97.htm
Keywords:Homegardens, buffer zone, conservation planning,tropics, Africa, Asia, alien invasive speciesChapter 11The potential for agroforestry to contributeto the conservation and enhancement oflandscape biodiversityBrent Swallow and Jean-Marc Boffa, World Agroforestry Centre and Sara J. Scherr, Forest TrendsAbstractAgroforestry is increasingly being acknowledged as an integrated land use that can directly enhanceagrobiodiversity and contribute to the conservation of landscape biodiversity, while at the same timeincrease, diversify and sustain rural incomes. There are valid concerns, however, that the biodiversitybenefits of agroforestry may be misunderstood and the risks to biodiversity understated. This chaptertherefore reviews some of the growing literature on agroforestry and biodiversity in order to clarify keyrelationships, including factors and processes that amplify or limit the contributions of agroforestry tobiodiversity conservation. Four propositions are presented, with reference to evidence for the propositionsand caveats to them. We conclude that agroforestry generally produces higher biodiversitybenefits than both annual and perennial monoculture crop production, and that agroforestry is of thegreatest benefit to biodiversity when it is a component of an integrated approach to land use. Importantknowledge gaps remain, however, regarding the ways in which tree domestication and agroforestrypromotion can be designed to stimulate new agroforestry systems that have greater positive impactson wild biodiversity.IntroductionAgroforestry is increasingly being identified as an integratedland use that can directly enhance plant diversitywhile reducing habitat loss and fragmentation (Nobleand Dirzo 1997). There are major concerns, however,that the deforestation benefits of agroforestry have beenoverstated (Angelsen and Kaimowitz 2004) and thatthe risks associated with agroforestry have not beenadequately acknowledged. It is therefore more importantthan ever that both the scientific and developmentcommunities develop a more accurate and subtle understandingof the multiple links between biodiversity andagroforestry. This chapter reviews evidence that linksagroforestry with biodiversity in an attempt to clarifykey relationships. It also examines the factors and processesthat may amplify and limit the contributions ofagroforestry to biodiversity conservation. It is organizedas follows: the first substantive section presents importantorganizing concepts; the second section reviewsthe available evidence for and against four propositionsabout the relationship between biodiversity and agroforestry;and the final section discusses a number ofissues for follow-up research.Organizing conceptsThe United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(UNCBD) defines ‘biodiversity’ as “…the variability
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CitationGarrity, D., A. Okono, M. G
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Enhancing Environmental ServicesCha
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viWorld Agroforestry into the Futur
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viiiWorld Agroforestry into the Fut
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Agroforestry and the Future
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Keywords:Millennium Development Goa
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Trees and Markets
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Keywords:Dacryodes edulis, Irvingia
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Chapter 2: Trees and markets for ag
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Keywords:Perennial tree crops, plan
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Chapter 3: The future of perennial
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“Trees influence landscape scaled
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Chapter 17: Institutional collabora
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Keywords:Capacity building, agrofor
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Chapter 18: Building capacity for r
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Keywords:E-learning, agricultural e
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Chapter 19: Can e-learning support
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Chapter 20Strengthening Institution
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Chapter 20: Strengthening instituti
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168“The biological characteristic
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Author ContactsFahmudin Agusisri@in
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Acronyms and AbbreviationsACIARAFTP
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CreditsFront cover photo: Karen Rob
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World Agroforestry into the Future
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