The challenge of HIV/AIDS: Where does agroforestry fit in? - World ...

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162World Agroforestry into the FutureThe potential for a project like the CGIAR’son-line learning resources can only berealized with sound planning and technicalappropriation. Using inexpensive, lowbandwidth programmes allows greateraccess by those directly in need of agriculturaland natural resource management informationand those with little experienceof the Internet or computer technology.Although e-learning no longer carries thehype from previous years, it has the capacityto enhance learning and expand accessto education and training in agriculture andnatural resource management at the global,regional and local levels.ReferencesAbdulrazak, S.A. 2004. Presentation at a conferenceon On-line Learning Resources heldat International Crops Research Institutefor the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru,India,14–18 June 2004. World AgroforestryCentre, Nairobi, Kenya.Amutabi, M.N. and M.O. Oketch 2003. Experimentingin distance education: the AfricanVirtual University (AVU) and the paradoxof the World Bank in Kenya. InternationalJournal of Educational Development23: 57–73.Chambers, J. 1999. Quoted in Friedmans, T.L.Next, it’s E-ducation. The New York Times,November 17th 1999.Chapman, R. and T. Slaymaker 2002. ICTs andrural development: review of the literature,current interventions and opportunities foraction. Working Paper 192. Overseas DevelopmentInstitute, London, UK.Dennis, S. 2000. Just five percent of World online.www.computeruser.com/news/00/12/11/news15.html retrieved June 2001.Etta, E.F. and S. Parvyn Wamahiu 2003. Informationand communication technologiesin Africa. The experience with communitytelecentres. Volume 2. InternationalDevelopment Research Centre Ottawa,Canada.IDRC 2003. Acacia Project. InternationalDevelopment Research Centre, Ottawa,Canada. www.idrc.ca/acadiaKruse, K. 2003. The State of e-Learning: Lookingat History with the Technology HypeCycle. www.e-learningguru.com/articles/hype1_1.htmRaths, D. 2000. Looking to the East. www.timclark.net/media/looking.to.east.htmlTossell, I. 2003. E-learning Needs Assessmentin East Africa. Unpublished report. WorldAgroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.UNDP 2003. Global Virtual University (GVU)Brochure. United Nations DevelopmentProgramme, Arendal, Norway.UNESCO 2004. United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization Informationand Communication Technologiesand Education Programme. http://www.unescobkk.org/education/ict/v2/info.asp?id=10954World Bank 1999. World Development Report1998/99: Knowledge For Development.World Bank, Washington DC, USA. http://www.worldbank.org/wdr/wdr98/contents.htmWorld Bank 2002. ICT at a Glance: Zambia.http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Fict%2Fzmb_ict.pdf accessed March 2004.
Chapter 20Strengthening Institutions:Working Group ReportStrengthening capacity for scaling upagroforestry technologiesGoalTo create a high level of awareness of the benefits ofagroforestry among stakeholders. This will encourageagroforestry development projects and contribute towider rural development.Strategic issuesThe World Agroforestry Centre needs to define its visionand strategy for scaling up and its role in relationto those of its partners. Successful scaling up means improvingthe quality and quantity of learning resourcesavailable to extension staff. Training in the areas of policy,management, markets, biotechnology, land degradationand indigenous fruits should also be enhanced.Developing support networks and a mechanism toupdate knowledge on natural resource managementshould enhance the links between research, educationand extension. It is therefore important to conduct aneeds assessment for training at this level, and to establishbaselines for impact. Another crucial issue is toidentify partners who can contribute to scaling up.New approaches and opportunitiesNew approaches to capacity building should make use of:• people-centred and site-specific approaches to sustainablerural development;• national agroforestry centres of excellence, includingnational agroforestry training teams;• information and communication technology (ICT)for natural resources management programmes;• national agroforestry dissemination centres;• farmer extension skills;• networking between institutions and communitybasedorganizations; and• seminars and demonstration plots.There is a trend for many developing countries to decentralizegovernment administration and create grassrootsownership of the development process through basingresearch on local needs. Furthermore, natural resourcesand agricultural policies are being reviewed to includeagroforestry. These developments provide opportunitiesfor strengthening the role of local communities in policyand strategy formulation, which will help in the scalingup and out of agroforestry innovations. The Centreshould tap into the potential of existing regional andnational education networks and forge links with suchregional bodies as the Forum for Agricultural Research inAfrica (FARA) and its sub-regional organizations.ConstraintsIn many national institutions, the infrastructure to supportagroforestry is not well established. Agroforestryis often handled within forestry or classified under‘agriculture’ and, in many cases, it appears in bothdisciplines. Whatever the institutional arrangementsadopted by different countries, the key issue is theneed for better coordination of agroforestry research,education and development. The sectoral orientationof national agricultural development programmes hasnot helped matters. Thus, in building agroforestry capacity,the Centre should pay attention to aspects ofinstitutionalization. Agroforestry training materials are
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CitationGarrity, D., A. Okono, M. G
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Enhancing Environmental ServicesCha
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viiiWorld Agroforestry into the Fut
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Agroforestry and the Future
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Keywords:Millennium Development Goa
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Trees and Markets
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Keywords:Dacryodes edulis, Irvingia
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Chapter 2: Trees and markets for ag
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Keywords:Perennial tree crops, plan
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Chapter 3: The future of perennial
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“Trees influence landscape scaled
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Keywords:Agroforestry, improved fal
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Chapter 6: Agroforestry innovations
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Keywords:Extension, farmer-centred
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Chapter 7: Scaling up the impact of
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Keywords:Policy, land management, a
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Chapter 8: Policies for improved la
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Chapter 9Land and People:Working Gr
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Chapter 9: Land and people81• sca
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“Forest conservation is no longer
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Chapter 12: Watershed functions in
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