The challenge of HIV/AIDS: Where does agroforestry fit in? - World ...

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78World Agroforestry into the FutureKaiser, J. 2004. Wounding Earth’s fragile skin.Science 304: 1616–1618.Lee, D., C.B. Barrett, P. Hazell and D. Southgate2001. Assessing Tradeoffs and Synergiesamong Agricultural Intensification, EconomicDevelopment and EnvironmentalGoals: Conclusions and Implications forPolicy. In: Lee, D. and C.B. Barrett (eds)Tradeoffs or Synergies? Agricultural Intensification,Economic Development andthe Environment. CAB International, Wallingford,UK.Manyong, V. and V. Houndekon 2000. LandTenurial Systems and the Adoptions of aMucuna Planted Fallow in the DerivedSavannas of West Africa. Collective Actionand Property Rights Working Paper No. 4,International Food Policy Research Institute,Washington, DC, USA.Mwabu, G. and E. Thorbecke 2001. Rural Development,Agricultural Development,and Poverty Reduction in sub-SaharanAfrica. Paper presented at the AfricanEconomic Research Consortium BiannualResearch Workshop, December 1–6 2001,Nairobi, Kenya.NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa’s Development)2003. Comprehensive African AgricultureDevelopment Programme. (www.nepad.org).Oldeman, L.R., R. Hakkeling and W.G. Sombroek1991. World Map of the Status ofHuman-induced Soil Degradation: An ExplanatoryNote (2 nd edition). InternationalSoil Reference and Information Centre,Wageningen, the Netherlands.Otsuka, K. and F. Place 2001. Land Tenure andNatural Resource Management: A ComparativeStudy of Agrarian Communities inAsia and Africa. International Food PolicyResearch Institute, Washington, DC andJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.Palm, C., R. Myers and S. Nandwa 1997.Combined use of organic and inorganicnutrient sources for soil fertility maintenanceand replenishment. Pp. 193–218in: Buresh, R., P. Sanchez and F. Calhoun(eds) Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa.Soil Science Society of America SpecialPublication No. 51, Soil Science Societyof America, Madison, USA.Place, F. 1995. The Role of Land and Tree Tenureon the Adoption of Agroforestry Technologiesin Uganda, Burundi, Zambia andMalawi: A Summary and Synthesis. LandTenure Center, University of Wisconsin,Madison, USA.Place, F., C. Barrett, H. Freeman, J. Ramischand B. Vanlauwe 2003. Prospects for integratedsoil fertility management using organicand inorganic inputs: evidence fromsmallholder African agricultural systems.Food Policy 28: 365–378.Pretty, J. 1995. Regenerating Agriculture: Policiesand Practice for Sustainability andSelf-Reliance. Earthscan Publications,London, UK.Prudencio, C.Y. 1993. Ring management of soilsand crops in the West African semi-aridtropics: The case of the Mossi farmingsystem in Burkina Faso. Agriculture, Ecosystem,and Environment 47: 237–264.Razawi, S. 2003. Agrarian Change, Gender, andLand Rights. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford,UK.Scherr, S. and P. Hazell. 1994. Sustainable AgriculturalDevelopment Strategies in FragileLands. Environmental and ProductionTechnology Development Division DiscussionPaper No. 1, International Food PolicyResearch Institute, Washington, DC, USA.Tomich T.P., J. Kuusipalo, K. Menz and N. Byron1997. Imperata economics and policy.Agroforestry Systems 36: 233–261.Tomich, T., M. van Noordwijk, S. Budidarsono,A. Gillison, T. Kusumanto, D. Murdyyarso,F. Stolle and A. Fagi 1998. Alternatives toSlash and Burn in Indonesia: SummaryReport and Synthesis of Phase II. ASB-Indonesia Report No. 8, ASB-Indonesiaand International Centre for Research inAgroforestry, Southeast Asia Programme,Bogor, Indonesia.Traore, C. and M. van Dorp 2004. Atelier surl’impact de la reglementation forestieresur les systemes agroforestiers. Proceedingsof a workshop held in Segou, Mali,8–10 December 2003.United Nations 2000. United Nations MillenniumDeclaration Resolution Adopted bythe General Assembly of the United Nations,55/2. 18 September 2000. UnitedNations, New York, USA.United Nations 2003. World Urbanization Prospects:The 2003 Revision. United NationsPopulation Division, Rome, Italy.Wiebe, K. 2003. Linking Land Quality, AgriculturalProductivity and Food Security.Agricultural Economic Report No. 823,Economic Research Service, United StatesDepartment of Agriculture, Washington,DC, USA.World Bank 2000. World Development Indicators.World Bank, Washington DC, USA.World Bank 2003. Extension and Rural Development– Converging Views on InstitutionalApproaches? Summary of workshopheld on November 12–15 2002, at theWorld Bank, Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentDepartment, Washington, DC,USA.
Chapter 9Land and People:Working Group ReportAfter some discussion, four working groups wereformed to brainstorm over priorities for the Land andPeople research and development agenda in the comingyears. The four groups corresponded to the topicsof the presentations: land and soil management, landmanagement policy, scaling up of agroforestry interventions,and the scientific challenges for the Centrepresented in Chapter 5.Working group on land and soil managementThis group identified two primary topics under land andsoil management where it felt ICRAF should significantlyincrease its role. The first is to develop relevant and usefulland-quality indicators. Within this, it was recognizedthat much research had already been undertaken thatdemonstrated the critical role of organic carbon (C) insoil fertility processes. However, more work should bedone to understand the links between organic C and soilqualityindicators. Furthermore, soil biology databasesand the links between different soil biota and soil fertilityrequire strengthening. This work needs to be conductedwithin a strategic framework with the landscape as a keyunit of research, which could have the additional resultof describing land capability classes that can guide decisionsabout future land-cover dynamics.The second area on which the Centre should concentrateis the greater application of geographic informationsystems (GIS) and remote-sensing tools. Thesecan guide priority setting for research on agroforestrytechnologies for improved land management, assist theCentre in moving innovations to scale and allow theorganization to identify strategic sites for testing thatexhibit different soil problems. GIS can also be use-ful in informing current development efforts. In termsof geographical emphasis, the working group felt thatthere was a need for ICRAF to pay greater attention tothe semi-arid and arid lands, where degradation andpoverty hotspots occur.Achievement in these two areas should produce ‘internationalpublic goods’, in particular publicly availableinformation that can be efficiently stored in databaseson soils and used in decision-support guides on technologicaloptions for different problem areas.The working group identified three key roles for ICRAFin this research:• contribute to better diagnosis of problems, andidentify entry points for agroforestry;• build capacity and develop human resources(including in civil society and for smallholderfarmers); and• produce research and development outputs inaccordance with the Centre’s comparative advantage.Working group on policyThis working group spent considerable time takinginto account the internal processes under which policyresearch is identified and implemented at the Centre.The group felt that more discussion is needed to answerthe following: How are policy research topics selected?What is the priority-setting process? Is this processbased on existing global or national strategies or policydocuments?The working group concluded that the manner inwhich policy research themes and directions are
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CitationGarrity, D., A. Okono, M. G
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Enhancing Environmental ServicesCha
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viWorld Agroforestry into the Futur
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viiiWorld Agroforestry into the Fut
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Agroforestry and the Future
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Keywords:Millennium Development Goa
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Trees and Markets
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Keywords:Dacryodes edulis, Irvingia
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Chapter 2: Trees and markets for ag
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Keywords:Perennial tree crops, plan
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Chapter 3: The future of perennial
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“Agroforestry can and does playa
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Keywords:Educational impact, sustai
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Chapter 16: Capacity building in ag
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Chapter 16: Capacity building in ag
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Keywords:Networking, research-exten
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Chapter 17: Institutional collabora
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Chapter 17: Institutional collabora
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Keywords:Capacity building, agrofor
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Chapter 18: Building capacity for r
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Keywords:E-learning, agricultural e
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Chapter 19: Can e-learning support
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Chapter 20Strengthening Institution
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Chapter 20: Strengthening instituti
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Author ContactsFahmudin Agusisri@in
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Acronyms and AbbreviationsACIARAFTP
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CreditsFront cover photo: Karen Rob
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World Agroforestry into the Future
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