The challenge of HIV/AIDS: Where does agroforestry fit in? - World ...

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168“The biological characteristicsand wide range of resourcetypes provided by trees onfarms makes them invaluable inefforts to promote sustainablerural development and restoredamaged ecosystems.”Sadio and Negreros-Castillo
Keywords:Trees outside forests (TOF), agroforestry, livelihoods,sustainable rural development, improving the globalenvironment, landscape restorationChapter 21Trees outside forests:Facing smallholder challengesSyaka Sadio, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Patricia Negreros-Castillo,Iowa State University, USAAbstractDuring the past three decades, rapid population growth has been accompanied by increased demandfor agricultural land and forest products. As a result, widespread degradation of natural resources, desertificationand loss of biodiversity has occurred, together with food insecurity and extreme povertyin the most vulnerable areas. Trees offer great potential to restore degraded ecosystems, to enhancelivelihoods based on production of food and medicines and to provide environmental and economicbenefits. It is now agreed that a bold approach is needed to promote tree planting and improve themanagement of trees outside forests (TOF). The sustainable management of TOF resources will play anincreasing role in efforts to reduce land degradation and poverty and improve food security, if appropriatepolicy measures are taken and farmers are placed at the centre of development efforts.IntroductionDuring the past three decades, rapid populationgrowth and expansion of agriculture has led towidespread degradation of natural resources. Thecumulative effects of this expansion have producedserious global environmental, social and economicproblems, including loss of biodiversity and extremepoverty among people living in the more vulnerableareas.Trees have the potential to rehabilitate degraded landsand ecosystems, restructure the landscape, provide arange of benefits and products (wood and non-woodproducts for food and medicines), and render environmentaland socioeconomic services. The importanceof trees in addressing these issues has been wellunderstood by farmers through the centuries and hasbeen clearly demonstrated in traditional tree-basedagricultural farming and land-use systems, such asshifting cultivation in the humid tropics and grazing inthe semi-arid savanna areas.The concept of trees outside forestsAlthough they play an important role in environmentalprotection, landscape restructuring andlivelihoods, trees on non-forest land received littleattention from scientists, practitioners, planners, decisionmakers and policy makers until the early 1990s.At the Kotka meeting in 1993 (FAO 2000), expertsrecognized the uniqueness and importance of differentresource types and defined a new concept of‘trees outside forests’ (TOF), which considers trees atall levels and in all aspects, emphasizing their social
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CitationGarrity, D., A. Okono, M. G
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Enhancing Environmental ServicesCha
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viWorld Agroforestry into the Futur
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viiiWorld Agroforestry into the Fut
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Agroforestry and the Future
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Keywords:Millennium Development Goa
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Chapter 1: Science-based agroforest
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Trees and Markets
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Keywords:Dacryodes edulis, Irvingia
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Chapter 2: Trees and markets for ag
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Keywords:Perennial tree crops, plan
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Chapter 3: The future of perennial
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38World Agroforestry into the Futur
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“Trees influence landscape scaled
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Keywords:Agroforestry, improved fal
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Chapter 6: Agroforestry innovations
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Keywords:Extension, farmer-centred
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Chapter 7: Scaling up the impact of
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Keywords:Policy, land management, a
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Chapter 8: Policies for improved la
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Chapter 9Land and People:Working Gr
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Chapter 9: Land and people81• sca
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“Forest conservation is no longer
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100World Agroforestry into the Futu
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Keywords:Agroforestry, buffering wa
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Chapter 12: Watershed functions in
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Keywords:Agroforestry, vulnerabilit
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Chapter 13: Opportunities for linki
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Page 140 and 141: “Agroforestry can and does playa
Page 147 and 148: Keywords:Educational impact, sustai
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 16: Capacity building in ag
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Page 153 and 154: Keywords:Networking, research-exten
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Page 159 and 160: Keywords:Capacity building, agrofor
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Page 175 and 176: Chapter 20Strengthening Institution
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Page 205 and 206: Author ContactsFahmudin Agusisri@in
Page 207 and 208: Acronyms and AbbreviationsACIARAFTP
Page 210: CreditsFront cover photo: Karen Rob
Page 213: World Agroforestry into the Future
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