The challenge of HIV/AIDS: Where does agroforestry fit in? - World ...

18World Agroforestry into the Futuremeans of meeting these globalchallenges (Figure 2).Domestication for improvements in quality and yieldThe potential of this approachof course comes with somerisks (Figure 3). Furthermore,the domestication of AFTPsmay reduce the market-shareof wild-collected NTFPs,thereby disadvantaging landlessrural people. However,the number of people benefitingfrom this domesticationprobably greatly outweighsthose who are disadvantaged.A number of studies implythat the income from AFTPscan contribute to meeting theMillennium DevelopmentGoal of halving the numberof people living on less thanUS$1 per day. For example, inCameroon, studies of farmersgrowing indigenous fruits havefound that the net presentvalue per hectare of cocoa isabout US$500 greater whengrown with indigenous fruitsthan when grown without(Gockowski and Dury 1999).To these benefits can alsobe added the AFTP productsused in domestic consumption,which represent a savingon expenditure, and the cashearned from selling AFTPs thatmay be reinvested in the farmsin the form of new and betterinputs. It is clear therefore,that it is difficult to evaluatethe total benefits obtainedfrom marketable AFTPs.Thus the challenge posed bythe Millennium DevelopmentProtection offarmers’ IPR’sIncreased incomeTarget: povertyImproved well-being:• Increased social benefits• Improved nutrition and healthTarget: livelihoodsSupporting environmentalbenefits (= agroforestry)Supporting tradition,culture and social needsDiversified and increased biological resourceTarget: biodiversityMarket expansionIncreased environmental services and ecosystem functionTarget: ‘environmental degradation’Wise use of genetic diversityIncreased market value/appealIncentive to plant treesIncreased scaleof tree plantingSUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENTFigure 3. Potential impacts on sustainability of domesticating agroforestry trees.Loss of geneticdiversityDANGERDetrimental to tradition and cultureDANGERDANGERPromotion of largescalemonoculturesDANGER