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Guest, K.2003 God in Chinatown: Religion and survival in New York’sevolving immigrant community, New York University Press,New York.Hatton, T. and J. Williamson1998 The age of mass migration: Causes and economic impact,Oxford University Press, New York.Heckman, J.1979 “Sample selection as specification error,” Econometric 47:153-61.Huang, K. and Y. Zhang (eds.).2003 Overseas Chinese and modernization of China’s overseaschinese community (huaqiao huareng yu zhongguo qiaoxiangde xiandaihua), Huaqiao Press, Beijing, InternationalOrganization for Migration, http://www.iom.int/en/.Liang, Z.2001 “Demography of illicit emigration from China: a sendingcountry’s perspective,” Sociological Forum 16(4): 677-701.Liang, Z. and H. Morooka.2004 “Recent trends of emigration from China: 1982-2000,”International migration 42(2): 145-164.Lin, J. (Ed.)2921992 Overseas Chinese and Chinese revolution and construction(huaqiao huaren yu zhongguo geming he jianshe), FujianPeople’s Press, Fuzhou, Fujian.
Massey, D.1988 “International migration and economic development incomparative perspective,” Population and DevelopmentReview 14:383-414.Massey, D. and E. Parrado.1993 “Migradollars: The remittances and savings of Mexicanmigrants to the USA,” Population Research and PolicyReview 13: 3-30.National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS)2002 Tabulation on the 2000 population census of the People’sRepublic of China, Statistical Publishing House, Beijing.Smart, A. and J. Hsu.2004 “The Chinese diaspora, foreign investment and economicdevelopment in China,” Review of International Affairs 3(4):544-566.Stark, O.1991 The migration of labor, Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.Taylor, J.E., J. Arango, G. Hugo, A. Kouaouci, D.S. Massey, and A.Pellegrino1996a “International migration and national development,”Population Index 62: 181-212.1996b“International migration and community development,”Population Index 62: 397-418.Taylor, J.E.2931999 “The new economics of labour migration and the role ofremittances in the migration process,” International Migration37: 63-88.
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The opinions expressed in the repor
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Table of ContentsForeword1 Migratio
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Foreword
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UN recorded that 61 million migrant
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about this and other programmes. Se
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Introduction
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overseas ethnic markets; and the wa
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labor migration. This narrower topi
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narrowing income inequalities withi
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and 2004 has increased the urban po
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Connecting Internaland Internationa
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it comes to questions of migration
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internal and international migratio
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the larger cities. British ships we
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states. At present, as part of our
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36and one on international migratio
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perspective 3 that gives methodolog
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commercial, industrial and service
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taken place in migration flows. The
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to what was left of the original en
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sought refuge in Lima. It was not p
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husband who sought refuge and work
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that take place between migrants an
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to the flows of goods, resources an
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migration and close to Huancayo) or
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In some cases, families would regul
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Furthermore, the precise compositio
Page 62 and 63:
This suggests that, instead of aimi
Page 64 and 65:
Brynes, D.M.2003 Driving the State:
Page 66 and 67:
1984 Miners, Peasants and Entrepren
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Werbner, P.1990 The Migration Proce
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Genealogy 1: Jiménez Family in 197
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Since the 1990s, there has been a b
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migrant receiving areas, 2 but focu
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well as discussing some of the cons
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carried to Ghana by migrants. 40 pe
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Table 2. Cost (in Euro) of Formal a
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home countries, for example, throug
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These insurance events can constitu
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Having people collect similar data
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people they knew. In fact, some of
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For migration research, this means
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ReferencesAppadurai, A.1996 Moderni
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Glick Schiller, N., and G. Fouron19
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Marcus, G.1995 “Ethnography in/of
Page 98 and 99:
Portes, A., and J. DeWind2004 “A
Page 100 and 101:
Stark, O., and D. Bloom1985 “The
Page 102 and 103:
AppendixTable A.1. Two-country Tran
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initially entails high costs and ri
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To our knowledge, no study has esti
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2.1 Remittances and Income in Rural
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with its neat correspondence to the
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let z > 0 denote the predetermined
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Table 3. Gini Decomposition by Inco
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Table 4b. Gini Decomposition by Inc
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3.2 Effects of Migrant Remittances
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4. ConclusionsOur findings using na
Page 122 and 123:
Knowles, J.C., and R.B. Anker1981
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Taylor, J.E.1992 “Remittances and
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124Table 2. Rural Mexico Household
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Central Region45Percentage of Villa
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128Figure 3. Relationship between P
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7Labor Market Flooding? Migrant Des
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Reibel (1997); David Card (2001); a
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The net immigration rate can be tak
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is S 0. It establishes an equilibri
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consequence a highly elastic supply
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in the populous fourteen states of
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out were both at work in this case
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Figure 7 identifies what we call
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Figure 9. Total Net In-Migration an
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Figure 10. Dynamic Economy ModelFig
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6. ConclusionThe dynamic and open e
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ReferencesAbowd, J.M., and R. Freem
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1999 “Historical perspectives on
Page 159 and 160:
Hatton, T., and J.G. Williamson1998
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White, M.J. and Y. Imai1994 “The
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seasonal basis, to areas with more
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for agricultural labor were 15 and
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3. Why People MoveThe decision to m
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producers are facing heavy losses a
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in Mumbai, which capitalizes on peo
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In conclusion, migration can bring
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is also being experienced in many r
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ReferencesBal Kumar, K.C.2003 “Mi
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Lipton, M.1980 “Migration from ru
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Shylendra, H.S., and P. Thomas1995
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182Able-bodied men.Women migrateonl
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Majority of (ST)Baiga and Ghondsmig
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Single caste villageof (OBC) Dhimar
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9A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Mi
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of households reported having at le
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Drawing on these perspectives, I ar
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migration tend to imitate the behav
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What is presented below is therefor
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ate of exchange and was thus sent t
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which was an important consideratio
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some migrants had started chitties,
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The extended family constituted a c
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much individuals had “locked up i
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edistribution were enforced through
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and the definition of status in eac
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perceived, the status-seeking activ
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Engelbrektsson, U.1978 The force of
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Parry, J. and M. Bloch1989 “Intro
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10Migrant Workers’ Remittances an
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in labor migration emerged after, a
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husband and wife, four daughters an
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(Table 3). In the central and weste
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Table 5. Composition of Rural House
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Figure 3. Rural households’ Net I
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schistosomiasis, etc. This decline
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of them deposit the money in a bank
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to train new rural migrants in the
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Figure 4. Per Capita Temittance in
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ReferencesBai Nansheng et al.2002
Page 243 and 244: Lu Mai et al.2002 “Zhongguo nongc
Page 245: Xinhuanet2002 “Woguo Zhongxibu la
Page 248 and 249: agriculture (Cook 1999), producing
Page 250 and 251: evenue (MR) minus the marginal cost
Page 252 and 253: Before reform, the annual quota of
Page 254 and 255: Table 2 Regional Distribution of In
Page 256 and 257: Figure 3. Sources of China’s Econ
Page 258 and 259: migration are removed, all wage and
Page 260 and 261: urban-biased policies persisted, pr
Page 262 and 263: eform. Under the hukou system, Chin
Page 264 and 265: The institutional barriers faced by
Page 266 and 267: ecause of the rapid migration of th
Page 268 and 269: Migrant workers have hardly any opp
Page 270 and 271: ReferencesAu, Chun-Chung, and Verno
Page 272 and 273: Lin, Justin, Gewei Wang, and Yaohui
Page 275 and 276: 12International Migration and Devel
Page 277 and 278: 2. BackgroundThe recent rise in int
Page 279 and 280: of remittances: self-employment, a
Page 281 and 282: Given the size of recent emigration
Page 283 and 284: 5. Remittances: An OverviewTable 1
Page 285 and 286: interpret. Some of it may be caused
Page 287 and 288: 8. A Decision to Repatriate MoneyIn
Page 289 and 290: emittances in the year prior to the
Page 291 and 292: fourth one, Xiamen, is in Fujian Pr
Page 293: ReferencesAdelman, I., J.E. Taylor,
Page 297 and 298: AppendixTable 1. Village-Level Remi
Page 299 and 300: Table 4. Logistic Regression Models
Page 305 and 306: 13Remittances in the Latin American
Page 307 and 308: to anti-money laundering and suspic
Page 309 and 310: Finally, mulas may be sporadic trav
Page 311 and 312: has left from countries in Western
Page 313 and 314: Table 2: Remittances and Key Econom
Page 315 and 316: Source: National Money Transmitters
Page 317 and 318: One way this redistributive effect
Page 319 and 320: Managua reported having a relative
Page 321 and 322: America have a higher rate of havin
Page 323 and 324: Table 9 Frequency of Immigrant Trav
Page 325 and 326: Guyana offers an interesting exampl
Page 327 and 328: In addition to exports of these goo
Page 329 and 330: Hemisphere. Figure 7 refers to the
Page 331 and 332: alternatives. Five years ago, it wa
Page 333 and 334: concentration is pronounced, innova
Page 335 and 336: emittance recipients have a higher
Page 337 and 338: AppendixData Methodology on Pricing
Page 339 and 340: Fagen, P., and M. Bump2005 “Remit
Page 341: 2003 Receptores de remesas en Ecuad
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14A Framework for Linking and Compa
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to jobs, savings, and networks that
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were expanding. That “flooding”
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ural families to repay debts, satis
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ut case studies, including that of
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would do well to examine how variou
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Carter and Sutch challenge the argu
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networks combine internal and inter
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4. Policy ImplicationsWhat implicat
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government should improve migrant w
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challenge for development practitio
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community members could help to cla
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itself). While research and analysi
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