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Werbner, P.1990 The Migration Process: Capital, Gifts and Offerings amongBritish Pakistanis, Oxford, New York.Wikan, U.1990 Managing Turbulent Hearts: A Balinese Formula for Living,University <strong>of</strong> Chicago Press, Chicago and London.Ypeij, A.2000 Producing against Poverty: Female and Male Microentrepreneursin Lima, Peru, Amsterdam University Press,Amsterdam.66
Genealogy 2: Jiménez Family in 1998, Indicating Occupations, Enterprises and Residence.67
Page 2 and 3:
The opinions expressed in the repor
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Table of ContentsForeword1 Migratio
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Foreword
Page 10 and 11:
UN recorded that 61 million migrant
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about this and other programmes. Se
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Introduction
Page 18 and 19: overseas ethnic markets; and the wa
Page 20 and 21: labor migration. This narrower topi
Page 22 and 23: narrowing income inequalities withi
Page 24 and 25: and 2004 has increased the urban po
Page 27: Connecting Internaland Internationa
Page 30 and 31: it comes to questions of migration
Page 32 and 33: internal and international migratio
Page 34 and 35: the larger cities. British ships we
Page 36 and 37: states. At present, as part of our
Page 38 and 39: 36and one on international migratio
Page 40 and 41: perspective 3 that gives methodolog
Page 42 and 43: commercial, industrial and service
Page 44 and 45: taken place in migration flows. The
Page 46 and 47: to what was left of the original en
Page 48 and 49: sought refuge in Lima. It was not p
Page 50 and 51: husband who sought refuge and work
Page 52 and 53: that take place between migrants an
Page 54 and 55: to the flows of goods, resources an
Page 56 and 57: migration and close to Huancayo) or
Page 58 and 59: In some cases, families would regul
Page 60 and 61: Furthermore, the precise compositio
Page 62 and 63: This suggests that, instead of aimi
Page 64 and 65: Brynes, D.M.2003 Driving the State:
Page 66 and 67: 1984 Miners, Peasants and Entrepren
Page 70 and 71: Genealogy 1: Jiménez Family in 197
Page 72 and 73: Since the 1990s, there has been a b
Page 74 and 75: migrant receiving areas, 2 but focu
Page 76 and 77: well as discussing some of the cons
Page 78 and 79: carried to Ghana by migrants. 40 pe
Page 80 and 81: Table 2. Cost (in Euro) of Formal a
Page 82 and 83: home countries, for example, throug
Page 84 and 85: These insurance events can constitu
Page 86 and 87: Having people collect similar data
Page 88 and 89: people they knew. In fact, some of
Page 90 and 91: For migration research, this means
Page 92 and 93: ReferencesAppadurai, A.1996 Moderni
Page 94 and 95: Glick Schiller, N., and G. Fouron19
Page 96 and 97: Marcus, G.1995 “Ethnography in/of
Page 98 and 99: Portes, A., and J. DeWind2004 “A
Page 100 and 101: Stark, O., and D. Bloom1985 “The
Page 102 and 103: AppendixTable A.1. Two-country Tran
Page 104 and 105: initially entails high costs and ri
Page 106 and 107: To our knowledge, no study has esti
Page 108 and 109: 2.1 Remittances and Income in Rural
Page 110 and 111: with its neat correspondence to the
Page 112 and 113: let z > 0 denote the predetermined
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Gini Decomposition by Inco
Page 116 and 117: Table 4b. Gini Decomposition by Inc
Page 118 and 119:
3.2 Effects of Migrant Remittances
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4. ConclusionsOur findings using na
Page 122 and 123:
Knowles, J.C., and R.B. Anker1981
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Taylor, J.E.1992 “Remittances and
Page 126 and 127:
124Table 2. Rural Mexico Household
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Central Region45Percentage of Villa
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128Figure 3. Relationship between P
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7Labor Market Flooding? Migrant Des
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Reibel (1997); David Card (2001); a
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The net immigration rate can be tak
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is S 0. It establishes an equilibri
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consequence a highly elastic supply
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in the populous fourteen states of
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out were both at work in this case
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Figure 7 identifies what we call
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Figure 9. Total Net In-Migration an
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Figure 10. Dynamic Economy ModelFig
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6. ConclusionThe dynamic and open e
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ReferencesAbowd, J.M., and R. Freem
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1999 “Historical perspectives on
Page 159 and 160:
Hatton, T., and J.G. Williamson1998
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White, M.J. and Y. Imai1994 “The
Page 164 and 165:
seasonal basis, to areas with more
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for agricultural labor were 15 and
Page 168 and 169:
3. Why People MoveThe decision to m
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producers are facing heavy losses a
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in Mumbai, which capitalizes on peo
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In conclusion, migration can bring
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is also being experienced in many r
Page 178 and 179:
ReferencesBal Kumar, K.C.2003 “Mi
Page 180 and 181:
Lipton, M.1980 “Migration from ru
Page 182 and 183:
Shylendra, H.S., and P. Thomas1995
Page 184 and 185:
182Able-bodied men.Women migrateonl
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Majority of (ST)Baiga and Ghondsmig
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Single caste villageof (OBC) Dhimar
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9A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Mi
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of households reported having at le
Page 195 and 196:
Drawing on these perspectives, I ar
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migration tend to imitate the behav
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What is presented below is therefor
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ate of exchange and was thus sent t
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which was an important consideratio
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some migrants had started chitties,
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The extended family constituted a c
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much individuals had “locked up i
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edistribution were enforced through
Page 213 and 214:
and the definition of status in eac
Page 215 and 216:
perceived, the status-seeking activ
Page 217 and 218:
Engelbrektsson, U.1978 The force of
Page 219 and 220:
Parry, J. and M. Bloch1989 “Intro
Page 221 and 222:
10Migrant Workers’ Remittances an
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in labor migration emerged after, a
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husband and wife, four daughters an
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(Table 3). In the central and weste
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Table 5. Composition of Rural House
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Figure 3. Rural households’ Net I
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schistosomiasis, etc. This decline
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of them deposit the money in a bank
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to train new rural migrants in the
Page 239 and 240:
Figure 4. Per Capita Temittance in
Page 241 and 242:
ReferencesBai Nansheng et al.2002
Page 243 and 244:
Lu Mai et al.2002 “Zhongguo nongc
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Xinhuanet2002 “Woguo Zhongxibu la
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agriculture (Cook 1999), producing
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evenue (MR) minus the marginal cost
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Before reform, the annual quota of
Page 254 and 255:
Table 2 Regional Distribution of In
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Figure 3. Sources of China’s Econ
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migration are removed, all wage and
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urban-biased policies persisted, pr
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eform. Under the hukou system, Chin
Page 264 and 265:
The institutional barriers faced by
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ecause of the rapid migration of th
Page 268 and 269:
Migrant workers have hardly any opp
Page 270 and 271:
ReferencesAu, Chun-Chung, and Verno
Page 272 and 273:
Lin, Justin, Gewei Wang, and Yaohui
Page 275 and 276:
12International Migration and Devel
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2. BackgroundThe recent rise in int
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of remittances: self-employment, a
Page 281 and 282:
Given the size of recent emigration
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5. Remittances: An OverviewTable 1
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interpret. Some of it may be caused
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8. A Decision to Repatriate MoneyIn
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emittances in the year prior to the
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fourth one, Xiamen, is in Fujian Pr
Page 293 and 294:
ReferencesAdelman, I., J.E. Taylor,
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Massey, D.1988 “International mig
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AppendixTable 1. Village-Level Remi
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Table 4. Logistic Regression Models
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Page 305 and 306:
13Remittances in the Latin American
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to anti-money laundering and suspic
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Finally, mulas may be sporadic trav
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has left from countries in Western
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Table 2: Remittances and Key Econom
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Source: National Money Transmitters
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One way this redistributive effect
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Managua reported having a relative
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America have a higher rate of havin
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Table 9 Frequency of Immigrant Trav
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Guyana offers an interesting exampl
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In addition to exports of these goo
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Hemisphere. Figure 7 refers to the
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alternatives. Five years ago, it wa
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concentration is pronounced, innova
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emittance recipients have a higher
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AppendixData Methodology on Pricing
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Fagen, P., and M. Bump2005 “Remit
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2003 Receptores de remesas en Ecuad
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14A Framework for Linking and Compa
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to jobs, savings, and networks that
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were expanding. That “flooding”
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ural families to repay debts, satis
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ut case studies, including that of
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would do well to examine how variou
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Carter and Sutch challenge the argu
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networks combine internal and inter
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4. Policy ImplicationsWhat implicat
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government should improve migrant w
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challenge for development practitio
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community members could help to cla
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itself). While research and analysi
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