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4. Policy ImplicationsWhat implications does the bringing together of internal and internationalmigration have for development policies? In justifying the elaboration ofa “single mobility framework,” Ronald Skeldon points to the penetrationof outside forces of economic modernization or of development itselfas a source of common motive for both types of migration. From thisperspective, internal and international migration represent “differentspatial responses” to the same forces. This is not to argue that there are nosignificant differences between internal and international migration, butrather that such differences may largely be the result of migrants’ movinginto different political spaces where differences in governance affect theirlegal statuses and access to economic opportunities. Designing policies topromote the developmental contributions of migration should then takeinto account political regimes that determine access to citizenship andother rights, legislation to control the flows of migrants, and administrativeregulations by which population management is implemented. Alsorelevant are the interventions and regulations of intergovernmental bodiesand international nongovernmental organizations ranging from the recentlycreated Global Forum on Migration and Development to migrant workers’hometown associations. In considering the impact of such institutionalpolicy efforts to manage migration and development, we need to take intoaccount not only how different policies intended to manage migration canaffect development but also how different development policies can affectmigration flows.While adopting such a broad scope might be useful in framing acomprehensive review of migration and development policymaking, werestrict the discussion here to the policy issues raised by the authors on thebasis of their research on labor migration and remittances. A reading of thepolicy implications and recommendations discussed in the essays suggeststhat there are some general policy principles that can be applied to bothinternal and international migration. But the research cited also suggeststhat specific policy refinements ought to distinguish between sendingand receiving locations and between the levels of family, community,region, and nation, whose interests may not be congruent and at timeseven conflict. In addressing such issues, the authors connect their researchto policymaking in different ways: descriptively by assessing the impactof existing policies, analytically by explaining what factors guide policyformation, and prescriptively by giving advice about how to attain certaindevelopment goals. In discussing the authors’ thoughts about the policyimplications of their research, we will take these different dimensions ofgeography, social scale, and goals into account, considering first policiestoward sending locations and then receiving locations.359