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Brynes, D.M.2003 Driving the State: Families and Public Policy in CentralMexico, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.Doughty, P.L.1970 “Behind the Back of the City: Provincial Life in Lima, Peru,”In W. Mangin (ed.) Peasants in Cities, Houghton Mifflin,Boston.1997 “Life goes on: revisiting Lima’s migrant associations,” in T.Altamirano and L. Hirabayashi (eds.), Migrants, RegionalIdentities and Latin American Cities Vol.13, AmericanAnthropological Association, Society for Latin AmericanAnthropology Publication Series, U.S.Frow. J.1997 Time and Commodity Culture. Essays in Cultural Theory andPostmodernity, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Gabayet, L.1983 “Regional development, industry and workforce: the caseof Guadalajara and its region,” PhD. Thesis, University ofDurham, UK.Grondin, M.1975 “Un caso de explotacíon calculada: La comunidad Campesinade Muquiyauyo,” Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Iberoamericana,Mexico.Hüsken, F.621991 “Power, property and parentage in a central Javanese village,”in F. Hüsken and J. Kemp, Cognition and Social Organizationin Southeast Asia, KITLV Press, Leiden.
Levitt, P.1996 “Social remittances: a conceptual tool for understandingmigration and development’, Working Paper series, No.96.04,October.Levitt, P., and N. Glick Schiller2004 “Transnational perspectives on migration: conceptualizingsimultaneity’, International Migration Review.Long, N.1979 “Multiple enterprise in the central highlands of Peru,” in S.Greenfield, A. Strickon and R.T. Aubey (eds.), Entrepreneursin Cultural Context, University of New Mexico Press,Albuquerque.1997a“Agency and constraint, perceptions and practice: A theoreticalposition,” in H. de Haan and N.Long (eds.), Images andRealities of Rural Life: Wageningen Perspectives on RuralTransformations, Van Gorcum, Assen.1997b “Agrarian change, neoliberalism and commoditization,”in H.de Haan and N.Long (eds.), Images and Realities of RuralLife: Wageningen Perspectives on Rural Transformations,Van Gorcum, Assen.2001 Development Sociology: Actor Perspectives, Routledge,London and New York.Long, N., and A. Long (eds.)1992 Battlefields of Knowledge: The Interlocking of Theory andPractice in Social Research and Development, Routledge,London and New York.Long, N., and B. Roberts (eds.)631978 Peasant Cooperation and Capitalist Expansion in CentralPeru, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of TexasPress, Austin, TX.
Page 2 and 3:
The opinions expressed in the repor
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Table of ContentsForeword1 Migratio
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Foreword
Page 10 and 11:
UN recorded that 61 million migrant
Page 12 and 13:
about this and other programmes. Se
Page 15: Introduction
Page 18 and 19: overseas ethnic markets; and the wa
Page 20 and 21: labor migration. This narrower topi
Page 22 and 23: narrowing income inequalities withi
Page 24 and 25: and 2004 has increased the urban po
Page 27: Connecting Internaland Internationa
Page 30 and 31: it comes to questions of migration
Page 32 and 33: internal and international migratio
Page 34 and 35: the larger cities. British ships we
Page 36 and 37: states. At present, as part of our
Page 38 and 39: 36and one on international migratio
Page 40 and 41: perspective 3 that gives methodolog
Page 42 and 43: commercial, industrial and service
Page 44 and 45: taken place in migration flows. The
Page 46 and 47: to what was left of the original en
Page 48 and 49: sought refuge in Lima. It was not p
Page 50 and 51: husband who sought refuge and work
Page 52 and 53: that take place between migrants an
Page 54 and 55: to the flows of goods, resources an
Page 56 and 57: migration and close to Huancayo) or
Page 58 and 59: In some cases, families would regul
Page 60 and 61: Furthermore, the precise compositio
Page 62 and 63: This suggests that, instead of aimi
Page 66 and 67: 1984 Miners, Peasants and Entrepren
Page 68 and 69: Werbner, P.1990 The Migration Proce
Page 70 and 71: Genealogy 1: Jiménez Family in 197
Page 72 and 73: Since the 1990s, there has been a b
Page 74 and 75: migrant receiving areas, 2 but focu
Page 76 and 77: well as discussing some of the cons
Page 78 and 79: carried to Ghana by migrants. 40 pe
Page 80 and 81: Table 2. Cost (in Euro) of Formal a
Page 82 and 83: home countries, for example, throug
Page 84 and 85: These insurance events can constitu
Page 86 and 87: Having people collect similar data
Page 88 and 89: people they knew. In fact, some of
Page 90 and 91: For migration research, this means
Page 92 and 93: ReferencesAppadurai, A.1996 Moderni
Page 94 and 95: Glick Schiller, N., and G. Fouron19
Page 96 and 97: Marcus, G.1995 “Ethnography in/of
Page 98 and 99: Portes, A., and J. DeWind2004 “A
Page 100 and 101: Stark, O., and D. Bloom1985 “The
Page 102 and 103: AppendixTable A.1. Two-country Tran
Page 104 and 105: initially entails high costs and ri
Page 106 and 107: To our knowledge, no study has esti
Page 108 and 109: 2.1 Remittances and Income in Rural
Page 110 and 111: with its neat correspondence to the
Page 112 and 113: let z > 0 denote the predetermined
Page 114 and 115:
Table 3. Gini Decomposition by Inco
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Table 4b. Gini Decomposition by Inc
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3.2 Effects of Migrant Remittances
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4. ConclusionsOur findings using na
Page 122 and 123:
Knowles, J.C., and R.B. Anker1981
Page 124 and 125:
Taylor, J.E.1992 “Remittances and
Page 126 and 127:
124Table 2. Rural Mexico Household
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Central Region45Percentage of Villa
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128Figure 3. Relationship between P
Page 133 and 134:
7Labor Market Flooding? Migrant Des
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Reibel (1997); David Card (2001); a
Page 137 and 138:
The net immigration rate can be tak
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is S 0. It establishes an equilibri
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consequence a highly elastic supply
Page 143 and 144:
in the populous fourteen states of
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out were both at work in this case
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Figure 7 identifies what we call
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Figure 9. Total Net In-Migration an
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Figure 10. Dynamic Economy ModelFig
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6. ConclusionThe dynamic and open e
Page 155 and 156:
ReferencesAbowd, J.M., and R. Freem
Page 157 and 158:
1999 “Historical perspectives on
Page 159 and 160:
Hatton, T., and J.G. Williamson1998
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White, M.J. and Y. Imai1994 “The
Page 164 and 165:
seasonal basis, to areas with more
Page 166 and 167:
for agricultural labor were 15 and
Page 168 and 169:
3. Why People MoveThe decision to m
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producers are facing heavy losses a
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in Mumbai, which capitalizes on peo
Page 174 and 175:
In conclusion, migration can bring
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is also being experienced in many r
Page 178 and 179:
ReferencesBal Kumar, K.C.2003 “Mi
Page 180 and 181:
Lipton, M.1980 “Migration from ru
Page 182 and 183:
Shylendra, H.S., and P. Thomas1995
Page 184 and 185:
182Able-bodied men.Women migrateonl
Page 186 and 187:
Majority of (ST)Baiga and Ghondsmig
Page 188 and 189:
Single caste villageof (OBC) Dhimar
Page 191 and 192:
9A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Mi
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of households reported having at le
Page 195 and 196:
Drawing on these perspectives, I ar
Page 197 and 198:
migration tend to imitate the behav
Page 199 and 200:
What is presented below is therefor
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ate of exchange and was thus sent t
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which was an important consideratio
Page 205 and 206:
some migrants had started chitties,
Page 207 and 208:
The extended family constituted a c
Page 209 and 210:
much individuals had “locked up i
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edistribution were enforced through
Page 213 and 214:
and the definition of status in eac
Page 215 and 216:
perceived, the status-seeking activ
Page 217 and 218:
Engelbrektsson, U.1978 The force of
Page 219 and 220:
Parry, J. and M. Bloch1989 “Intro
Page 221 and 222:
10Migrant Workers’ Remittances an
Page 223 and 224:
in labor migration emerged after, a
Page 225 and 226:
husband and wife, four daughters an
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(Table 3). In the central and weste
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Table 5. Composition of Rural House
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Figure 3. Rural households’ Net I
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schistosomiasis, etc. This decline
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of them deposit the money in a bank
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to train new rural migrants in the
Page 239 and 240:
Figure 4. Per Capita Temittance in
Page 241 and 242:
ReferencesBai Nansheng et al.2002
Page 243 and 244:
Lu Mai et al.2002 “Zhongguo nongc
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Xinhuanet2002 “Woguo Zhongxibu la
Page 248 and 249:
agriculture (Cook 1999), producing
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evenue (MR) minus the marginal cost
Page 252 and 253:
Before reform, the annual quota of
Page 254 and 255:
Table 2 Regional Distribution of In
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Figure 3. Sources of China’s Econ
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migration are removed, all wage and
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urban-biased policies persisted, pr
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eform. Under the hukou system, Chin
Page 264 and 265:
The institutional barriers faced by
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ecause of the rapid migration of th
Page 268 and 269:
Migrant workers have hardly any opp
Page 270 and 271:
ReferencesAu, Chun-Chung, and Verno
Page 272 and 273:
Lin, Justin, Gewei Wang, and Yaohui
Page 275 and 276:
12International Migration and Devel
Page 277 and 278:
2. BackgroundThe recent rise in int
Page 279 and 280:
of remittances: self-employment, a
Page 281 and 282:
Given the size of recent emigration
Page 283 and 284:
5. Remittances: An OverviewTable 1
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interpret. Some of it may be caused
Page 287 and 288:
8. A Decision to Repatriate MoneyIn
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emittances in the year prior to the
Page 291 and 292:
fourth one, Xiamen, is in Fujian Pr
Page 293 and 294:
ReferencesAdelman, I., J.E. Taylor,
Page 295 and 296:
Massey, D.1988 “International mig
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AppendixTable 1. Village-Level Remi
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Table 4. Logistic Regression Models
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
13Remittances in the Latin American
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to anti-money laundering and suspic
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Finally, mulas may be sporadic trav
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has left from countries in Western
Page 313 and 314:
Table 2: Remittances and Key Econom
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Source: National Money Transmitters
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One way this redistributive effect
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Managua reported having a relative
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America have a higher rate of havin
Page 323 and 324:
Table 9 Frequency of Immigrant Trav
Page 325 and 326:
Guyana offers an interesting exampl
Page 327 and 328:
In addition to exports of these goo
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Hemisphere. Figure 7 refers to the
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alternatives. Five years ago, it wa
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concentration is pronounced, innova
Page 335 and 336:
emittance recipients have a higher
Page 337 and 338:
AppendixData Methodology on Pricing
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Fagen, P., and M. Bump2005 “Remit
Page 341:
2003 Receptores de remesas en Ecuad
Page 345 and 346:
14A Framework for Linking and Compa
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to jobs, savings, and networks that
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were expanding. That “flooding”
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ural families to repay debts, satis
Page 353 and 354:
ut case studies, including that of
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would do well to examine how variou
Page 357 and 358:
Carter and Sutch challenge the argu
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networks combine internal and inter
Page 361 and 362:
4. Policy ImplicationsWhat implicat
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government should improve migrant w
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challenge for development practitio
Page 367 and 368:
community members could help to cla
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itself). While research and analysi
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